Webb Telescope Drops Detailed, Interactive Map of Its Cosmic Corner
To the humble humans on the ground, the duties of NASA's James Webb Space Telescope can sometimes feel a little…otherworldly. Sure, the observatory drops some life-altering images of the cosmos now and then, but otherwise, the raw data it gathers isn't exactly accessible to the average person—even once it's literally made available to everyone via the internet.
But Webb's latest gift helps put some of its work into perspective. Accompanying last week's 1.5TB trove of public Webb data is a new, interactive map of the telescope's slice of the universe, which it's spent hundreds of hours examining with its state-of-the-art scientific instruments.
Published by COSMOS-Web, an international, NASA-backed astronomical survey, the map contains almost 800,000 galaxies and an untold number of stars. When you first open the map in your web browser, it doesn't look like much: The product of Webb's painstaking observations is squeezed into a small, tilted square of space. But zoom in, and the universe begins to unfold. It's nearly impossible to choose which shimmering galaxy to home in on first.
What the COSMOS-Web interactive map looks like before you start to zoom in. Credit: COSMOS-Web/Adrianna Nine
The map extends through roughly 98% of all cosmic time, or 13.5 billion of the universe's 13.8 billion years. That (and its mind-boggling quantity of galaxies) means Webb's map dwarfs Hubble's Ultra Deep Field, which stunned the world with nearly 10,000 imaged galaxies back in 2006.
"Our goal was to construct this deep field of space on a physical scale that far exceeded anything that had been done before," said physicist and COSMOS co-lead Caitlin Casey. "If you had a printout of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field on a standard piece of paper, our image would be slightly larger than a 13-foot by 13-foot-wide mural, at the same depth. So it's really strikingly large."
Hubble Ultra Deep Field. Credit: NASA, ESA, and S. Beckwith (STScI) and the HUDF Team
Though Webb's map offers astronomers a wealth of information with which to answer age-old questions about the universe, it also poses its own questions. The current cosmological model doesn't accommodate Webb's proof that the universe produced "a billion solar masses of stars" in "only about 400 million years," Casey explained in a statement for the University of California, Santa Barbara. Now it's up to researchers to figure out how so much light spread throughout the cosmos so early—and potentially tweak their understanding of the universe along the way.
That's one reason why COSMOS-Web made both the map and Webb's observational data available to the public.
"A big part of this project is the democratization of science and making tools and data from the best telescopes accessible to the broader community," Casey said. "Because the best science is really done when everyone thinks about the same data set differently. It's not just for one group of people to figure out the mysteries."
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