
15 tea gardens reopen in Darjeeling, Alipurduar
Kolkata: Fifteen tea gardens that had become non-operational in Darjeeling and Alipurduar have reopened since Jan this year following implementation of the state govt's SOP for short-term settlement of closed or abandoned gardens.
Tired of too many ads? go ad free now
This benefited a total of 14,484 workers.
The closed gardens were Mechpara, Raimatang, Dalmore, Kalchini, Toorsa, Dalsingpara, Mohua, Dheklapara, Singtam, Sungma & Turzom, Nagri Farm, Singbulli, Panighatta, Pandam and Kalej Valley.
Among these, Panighatta, which had 1,130 workers, was non-operational for the longest period of 3,492 days from Oct 2015. It reopened on May 2. Sungma & Turzom tea garden in Darjeeling became non-functional for the shortest period of only 10 days, from March 19 to March 28 this year, after which it reopened.
Raimatang tea garden, which was closed in Oct 2023, was reopened on Jan 20 this year.
State labour minister Moloy Ghatak said in the assembly on Friday: "For tea gardens whose lease have expired and are yet to renewed, they will be provided with a temporary lease if they pay labourers' salary and all other statutory dues for one year."
Two more tea gardens are scheduled to reopen very soon, Ghatak added.

Try Our AI Features
Explore what Daily8 AI can do for you:
Comments
No comments yet...
Related Articles


New Indian Express
4 days ago
- New Indian Express
Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation formulates SOP for illegal constructions
HYDERABAD: The Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC) has formulated a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for sealing unauthorised constructions and structures deviating from sanctioned plans, in line with the GHMC Act, 1955, and TG-bPASS Act, 2020. The SOP aims to ensure uniform action across all GHMC circles. Strict adherence has been mandated, and any lapses or negligence by officials may attract disciplinary action. Inspecting officers will be required to gather comprehensive details such as the stage of construction, nature of the work, specific deviations or violations, usage and information regarding the owner or occupier. A show cause notice must be issued to the owner or occupier, detailing the violations, grounds for demolition and instructing the immediate cessation of construction. Owners will be given 15 days to justify why the unauthorised or deviated construction should not be demolished, either in writing or by appearing in person with supporting documents. If construction continues despite the notice, the premises will be sealed. Occupied buildings must be vacated within three days to facilitate sealing. The site will be sealed with a red ribbon and official paper tag. Utility services will be disconnected, and police and sub-registrar offices informed. Only the designated GHMC authority may remove the seal.


NDTV
4 days ago
- NDTV
Beyond Utopia: Is India Tackling Inequality?
With $4.19 trillion (current prices), India has surpassed Japan in terms of GDP in the year 2025, as per the IMF. Now, India ranks fourth in the world, just below Germany ($4.74 trillion) with a small margin. It is expected to surpass Germany within two to three years if India continues its growth trajectory. It is undoubtedly a remarkable feat for India. However, there is one concern raised in public discourse that needs to be addressed: 'Is India's growth inclusive or unequal?', and, 'Should India do more to eradicate inequality?' This question is frequently raised by a section of economists. In this article, an effort is made to understand this inequality, its trends, and how to tackle it based on secondary data and reports available, while considering all opinions. The most common index to measure inequality is the Gini coefficient (values between 0 to 1, where 0 represents perfect equality and 1 shows extreme inequality). As per the Economic Survey 2024-25, inequality has shown declining trends. The Gini coefficient for rural areas declined to 0.237 in 2023-24 from 0.266 in 2022-23, and for urban areas, it fell to 0.284 in 2023-24 from 0.314 in 2022-23, based on consumption expenditure. Historically, the Gini index has fluctuated between 31.6% (the lowest in 1993) and 35.9% (the highest in 2017) between 1977 and 2021 (World Bank). However, some experts believe that the expenditure-based Gini coefficient does not represent the true picture, as households or individuals with low incomes tend to spend more than they earn, whereas high-income groups spend much less in percentage terms, resulting in long-term wealth inequality that remains uncaptured in the data. Other reports on this matter also need to be considered, as findings vary. According to the 'Pandemic, Poverty, and Inequality: Evidence from India' report by Bhalla Surjeet S. et al. (2022), "Real inequality, as measured by the Gini coefficient, has declined to near its lowest level reached in the last forty years—it was 0.284 in 1993/94 and in 2020-21 it reached 0.292.". The percentage of total consumption at the national level by the top 10% income group changed from around 28% to 32%, while for the bottom 40%, it remained around 9% between the 1980s and 2013, as per the 'Inequality and Locational Determinants of the Distribution of Living Standards in India' report by the IMF in 2021. Other literature also shows that inequality has declined in recent years (Ghatak et al., 2022 and Gupta et al., 2021). A report titled 'State of Inequality in India' (Kapoor and Duggal, 2022) states that 6%-7% of total incomes are earned by just the top 1% and expresses concerns over the concentration of growth benefits without percolation to the poorer classes. In contrast, some studies report stark inequality based on different parameters or data sets, such as unequal median-to-top pay ratios among NIFTY50 companies, flight usage data, the Forbes list, or even food-delivery app usage data. Most reports on inequality in India are based on expenditure data, but a few also derive estimation for income or wealth inequality. One of the world's leading voices on inequality, the World Inequality Lab (WIL), provided various estimates for India in its report. According to the report, the top 1% hold 40.1% of wealth, the top 10% hold 65%, and the bottom 50% hold just 6.4%. In terms of income, the top 1% earn 22.6%, the top 10% earn 57.7%, and the bottom 50% earn just 15% of the total income share for the year 2022-23. Although after liberalisation, between 1990 and 2022, the average real growth rate in income in India became 3.6% per year, significantly higher compared to 1.6% between 1960 and 1990. But most of the income share increased for the top 1% and declined for the bottom 50%. Now, the question that arises is, is India unique in its inequality? The answer is no. The same report by WIL shows that India's income share held by the top 10% (57.7%) is in the middle with respect to other developing countries like South Africa (65.4%) and Brazil (56.8%), but higher than the USA (48.3%) and China (43.4%). Another report, 'Trends in Income Inequality and its Impact on Economic Growth (2014)' by the OECD, states, "Today, the richest 10% of the population in the OECD area earn 9.5 times the income of the poorest 10%; in the 1980s, this ratio stood at 7:1 and has been rising continuously ever at the bottom grew much slower during the prosperous years and fell during downturns, putting relative (and in some countries, absolute) income poverty on the radar of policy concerns." This proves that inequality is a part of growth for most countries and is inevitable for free market-based economies. Before delving deeper into the reasons behind inequality and strategies to tackle it, there must be clarity of thought. No matter what economic or market system a country has, inequality is a reality. No matter how hard a nation tries, inequality will persist. Except in the utopian communist system, which exists only theoretically or in propaganda literature. Such systems do not make everyone equally rich but equally poor, as experienced by many economically failed countries. Does this mean we shouldn't strive for equality and inclusivity in growth and development? No, we should certainly aim to maximise equality in a pragmatic way without falling into the trap - the trap of policies that sacrifice growth and turn a nation into a banana republic. As rightly stated in The State of Inequality in India report 2022, "Inequality is not simply a lack of resources…It is living in vulnerability and deprivation with restricted means of upward mobility. Income distribution is not an accurate measure of assessing the degree of inequality, but as a socio-economic inequalities transcend into everyday lives in ways that restrict mobility, limit one's capability to make choices, and intensify their experiences of exclusion and isolation." Thus, it is more appropriate to focus on empowering the economically and socially deprived classes. Certainly, attacking market-friendly policies, businesses, and businessmen won't help in fighting inequality. Often, incentives or tax relief for industries or corporate tax cuts are blamed for inequality and shown as the root cause. But it is essential to understand that these measures promote further investment in the economy and help create employment. High tax rates may seem attractive in the short run, but eventually, the economy suffers in the form of slow growth or business migration in the long run. To counter inequality, the most reliable and potent weapon is the philosophy of 'Antyoday', that is, the upliftment of the poorest and most marginalised members of society. Inequality is triggered primarily by social vulnerabilities in health, education, and skills among the lowest sections of society. If the government keeps uplifting the lowest strata through schemes and policies, the results can be expected to be far more positive compared to policies that may sabotage the growth cycle. Over the last decade, the government has worked in this direction. With initiatives like the 'Ayushman Card' coupled with schemes like 'Poshan,' the insecurity and risk of falling suddenly into the poverty cycle have reduced significantly. Health-related expenses are one of the most common 'emergency expenses' for low-income groups. According to the Economic Survey of India, between FY15 and FY22, the share of government health expenditure increased from 29.0% to 48.0%, and the share of out-of-pocket expenditure in total health expenditure declined from 62.6% to 39.4%. With these kinds of efforts, the government has achieved great success in eradicating extreme poverty (below 1%), poverty (low middle income PPP$3.2 per day, just 14.8% in 2019-20 compared to PPP$1.9 in 2011-12), and multi-dimensional poverty in India. Improvements in access to health and education facilities, along with food security and other basic amenities, bring the poorest of the poor to an equitable platform. An opportunity and chance from which they can at least start dreaming and aiming for higher goals and become part of India's growth story. This is the actual equality for which we, as a nation, should strive. Schemes like 'Start-up India' have paved the path for many first-generation entrepreneurs to build successful startups and unicorns. Merit and equal opportunity-based competition motivate individuals to work harder and take risks to benefit from high returns. Thus, if India maintains its economic growth trajectory while empowering socially and economically weaker sections through quality education, access to health and nutrition and skill development, inequality will be reduced - not in a utopian sense, but in a practical one.

Mint
4 days ago
- Mint
Facing road construction quality issues, Centre takes away state PWD and state department's powers for bidding out NHs
The Centre has withdrawn the powers of state PWDs (public works departments) and road construction departments (RCDs) to independently issue bid documents for national highway projects in their states, according to a directive by the ministry of road transport and highways (MoRTH). Instead, they will now consult MoRTH's regional officers (ROs), who will evaluate all state-issued bids, recommend necessary changes, and actively participate in resolving legal and arbitration disputes related to national highway works, the directive said, a copy of which was seen by Mint. The new process will be applicable to all highway projects, including those costing less than ₹100 crore but excluding maintenance works. Further, ROs would need to be consulted at every step in the case of contractual disputes and arbitration. MoRTH is preparing a separate, detailed standard operating procedure (SoP) for dealing with arbitration matters that will soon be issued. Also read: Bhel likely to be tendering agency for EV charging stations under PM E-drive Queries emailed to MoRTH remained unanswered. The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) is responsible for highway construction across the country. However, it often works with state-level agencies for bidding, processing, and building specific highway sections within their states, along with other agencies like NHIDCL and MoRTH's construction wing, The ministry's directive pointed out that 'in several projects pertaining to NH works implemented by State PWDs/RCDs, critical lapses have occurred due to lack of due diligence". That has led to disputes, legal complexities and financial liabilities for the central government, the directive noted, adding that ROs are not consulted or involved during bidding or in the courts, and the disputes are dealt with mechanically without safeguarding the interests of the Centre. The directive has been sent by the MoRTH to secretaries and chief engineers of all states and Union territory PWDs, RCDs and departments dealing with national highways. According to Jagannarayan Padmanabhan, senior director & global head at Crisil Intelligence, scrutinising all proposals from all state governments has its merits and demerits. 'The merits of such an exercise could mean avoidance of construction of parallel and competing roads, having a uniform bid awarding process across the country, and standardization of processes and bid documents, among other things," Padmanabhan said, adding that on the flip side, an additional layer of scrutiny and capacity augmentation at the central level would be needed. Suprio Banerjee, vice president and co-group head at rating agency Icra Ltd said that these measures are likely to increase the award timelines, but project execution is not likely to be hampered while adhering to the norms or standards stipulated by the road ministry. Also read: Nitin Pai: Train more civil engineers to solve our infrastructure crisis 'Also, the involvement of ROs in all legal contractual processes is expected to streamline the disputes adjudication process while avoiding the need for repetition," Banerjee said. 'Land acquisition being a state subject, the coordination between central and state government departments remains crucial to expedite the ROW and other associated approvals." However, Shailesh Agarwal, partner for risk consulting (infrastructure) at EY India sounded a cautionary note when he said that uniform documents don't necessarily mean smoother highways. 'Ultimately, true quality improvement depends on regular quality controls, digitalisation, and accountability at the ground level," he said. 'Due care must be taken to ensure that the new system doesn't become a fresh bottleneck." The disputes process With regard to contractual disputes and arbitration, it has been decided that state PWDs/RCDs would not pursue such matters independently without consultation with ROs. All replies, statements of defence, and written submissions intended for courts / arbitrations shall be vetted by the ROs and returned after scrutiny with comments or amendments before submission within a period of 15 days failing which the replies, statements or submissions may be deemed cleared. The ROs would also be free to engage legal experts from NHAl-empanelled law firms for advice and support. The highway building plan In FY26, MoRTH proposes to construct about 10,000 km of highways, per the outcome budget 2025-26. As highway construction in the country matures, the liberal growth in construction is expected to slow and the focus will shift towards highway maintenance and enduring quality of construction. Out of 146,195 km length of national highways (NH) network in the country, damages have been reported in about 1% of the stretch every year, according to data from MoRTH. The conditions of NHs are assessed from time to time by the MoRTH and its various executing agencies. Also read: Ajit Ranade: West Asia's upheaval intensifies India's challenges of geopolitics The maintenance works on NHs are accordingly taken up from time to time to keep the NHs in traffic-worthy condition. According to MoRTH, the ministry spent nearly ₹6,500 crore on highway repair and maintenance in FY24. A similar level of expenditure is also expected to be incurred in the current fiscal.