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Time of India
15-06-2025
- Science
- Time of India
Astronomers discover high-altitude clouds darkening skies in the YSES-1 system
Source: Astronomers observe thick slab clouds in the YSES-1 system, darkening the planet's skies. These clouds are primarily mineral dust, probably containing iron. When the clouds break, iron could rain down. Experts are studying this strange phenomenon to understand the composition and atmosphere. The discovery sheds light on the complex weather patterns in distant worlds, offering insights into the formation and behavior of exoplanetary atmospheres . Further study could reveal more about the planet's potential habitability and the role of mineral clouds in shaping its climate and surface conditions. The young planet YSES-1 gets covered by clouds According to The Guardian, the star YSES-1 is a newbie by cosmic standards, just 1 million years old, compared with the 4.6-billion-year-old Sun. The star is circled by two gas giants, both still forming and larger than Jupiter, the biggest planet in the solar system. As the astronomers studied the young star system, which lies 307 light-years away in the deep southern sky, they spotted the formation of high-altitude clouds around the planet. They were surprised to find both planets in the telescope's field of view, giving them information on two worlds. by Taboola by Taboola Sponsored Links Sponsored Links Promoted Links Promoted Links You May Like Giao dịch vàng CFDs với sàn môi giới tin cậy IC Markets Tìm hiểu thêm Undo The outer planet, YSES-1c, is the smaller of the two worlds and about six times the mass of Jupiter. The telescope revealed high-altitude clouds consisting of magnesium silicate dust grains and some iron in the planet's atmosphere. The astronomers described the observations as the first direct detection of such clouds on a planet circling a Sun-like star. The data revealed a disc of material made up of trillions of tonnes of dust particles around the larger inner world, YSES-1b, about 14 times the mass of Jupiter. Researchers' view on the discovery of the young planet Dr. Kielan Hoch , an astrophysicist at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland, said, 'There's a small handful of multiplanet systems that have been directly imaged, and they are a unique laboratory to test planet formation theories as they formed in the same environment.' She added, 'Both planets are still forming, which is why they are still bright enough for us to detect. The light we are seeing is from their formation as they begin to shrink and condense.' An added mystery is why a 16-million-year-old planet still has a disk of material swirling around it. Astronomers' theories of planet formation suggest that any encircling dust should have settled after the first 5 million years. Also read | Strange X - shaped structures discovered in Earth's upper atmosphere by NASA
Time of India
09-06-2025
- Science
- Time of India
160-million-year-old blue-stain fungi in China found to be harmful to trees
Source: In a groundbreaking discovery, researchers have uncovered 160-million-year-old blue-stain fungi fossils from the Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation in China. The new findings offer fresh insights into the ecological relationships between blue-stain fungi, plants, and insects during the Jurassic period. These fungi are generally nonfatal to their hosts but often accelerate tree mortality when associated with wood-boring insects . According to ScienceDaily, a Chinese team of scientists highlights the discovery of well-preserved blue-stain fungal hyphae within Jurassic fossil wood from northeastern China, pushing back the earliest known fossil record of this fungal group by approximately 80 million years. Know about the blue-stain fungi, deadly to trees Blue-stain fungi are known for their ability to colonize wood, particularly in conifer trees, causing characteristic discoloration in the sapwood. While these fungi do not decompose wood, they often cause considerable damage when associated with wood-boring insects. Their role in accelerating tree mortality is significant, yet their evolutionary origins have long remained a mystery. Molecular phylogenetic analyses suggest that blue-stain fungi are an ancient fungal group, possibly originating during the Late Paleozoic or early Mesozoic. by Taboola by Taboola Sponsored Links Sponsored Links Promoted Links Promoted Links You May Like 夢の農場を作り上げよう アドベンチャーゲーム ゲームをプレイ Undo This recent discovery in China revises our understanding of blue-stain fungi's history, suggesting their origins trace much further back into Earth's past. Dr. Ning Tian, a paleontologist at Shenyang Normal University, explained the rarity of such findings: 'Not until 2022 was the first credible fossil record of blue-stain fungi reported from the Cretaceous in South Africa, with an age of approximately 80 million years.' Discovery of the fossils of the blue-stain fungus The fossils were found inside the petrified wood of Xenoxylon phyllocladoides, a type of conifer tree from the Jurassic period in western Liaoning province, China. Researchers discovered dark-colored fungal threads called hyphae, which are typical of blue-stain fungi. 'Under the microscope, the fossil hyphae appear dark, showing pigmentation that is a key feature of modern blue-stain fungi, which cause wood to change color,' the team explained. This shows that these fungi have existed for millions of years and are connected to fungi we see today. The researchers also found a special structure the fungi use to enter the wood. 'When the fungi penetrate the wood's cell walls, the hyphae often form a structure called a penetration peg,' they said. This peg helps the fungi break through the tough wood cells by mechanical force, which is different from other fungi that use enzymes to break down wood. A major leap in the fossil record of blue-stain fungi The discovery of the blue-stain fungi found in China not only fills a gap in the fossil record but also provides critical evidence for understanding the early evolution of blue-stain fungi and their ecological interactions. The fact that these fungi were already established in the Jurassic period suggests that their relationship with wood-boring insects, which are likely the main agents for spore dispersal, was already in place long before the advent of modern insect species The fossilized blue-stain fungi represent a significant milestone in paleontological research. 'The finding of Jurassic blue-stain fungi from China represents the second report of the blue-stain fungi and the earliest fossil record of this fungal group in the world, pushing back the earliest known fossil record of this fungal group by approximately 80 million years,' said Dr. Yongdong Wang, a paleontologist at the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology.
Yahoo
10-02-2025
- Science
- Yahoo
Scientists make wild discovery while exploring deep ocean waters: 'Highlights just how poorly we understand the deep-sea'
Scientists have discovered a new species of isopod in the deep waters of the South China Sea — though its name has come from a galaxy far, far away. As detailed, the fourth species of the Bathynomus genus was named "vaderi" after Star Wars villain Darth Vader because of the creature's resemblance to the character's famous helmet. According to experts, the Bathynomus vaderi can grow to over 30 centimeters in length and weigh over a kilogram. Related to the woodlouse, the genus shares a lot of similar traits, such as a segmented outer shell and multiple legs. Like their terrestrial cousins, they pose no threat to humans, but the sea-dwelling Bathynomus has become a delicacy in Vietnam. "It has even been compared to lobsters for the quality of the flesh," National University of Singapore researcher Peter Ng said. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration cited research that suggests around 91% of ocean species have yet to be discovered. Those in deep waters are particularly difficult to find because of intense water pressure and a lack of light. Researchers who discovered the Bathynomus vaderi noted that it serves as a reminder of how little we know about what inhabits Earth's waters. "The discovery of a species as strange as Bathynomus vaderi in Vietnam highlights just how poorly we understand the deep-sea environment," they said. "... There is an urgent need to better understand our deep-sea biodiversity as humans increasingly endeavor to exploit this habitat for fisheries, oil and gas, and even minerals." Should we be digging miles beneath Earth's surface? No way Definitely Depends what it's for Depends where we do it Click your choice to see results and speak your mind. Deep-sea minerals are gaining attention because of nodules found on the ocean floor that contain precious metals that could be utilized for a number of modern technologies, including electric vehicle batteries, without the need to mine on land. However, disturbing these nodules and scraping the sea floor can have significant negative impacts on ocean ecosystems. The Bathynomus species, known for scavenging, could be among the creatures threatened by this activity. Join our free newsletter for good news and useful tips, and don't miss this cool list of easy ways to help yourself while helping the planet.
