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USA Today
4 days ago
- Business
- USA Today
Leonard Lauder, cosmetics heir and philanthropist, dies at 92
Leonard Lauder, cosmetics heir and philanthropist, dies at 92 Leonard Lauder, the heir of the Estée Lauder cosmetics fortune, died June 14, The Estée Lauder Companies announced in a June 15 press release. Lauder, 92, served as president of the cosmetics giant from 1972 to 1995 and as Chief Executive Officer from 1982 to 1999. Lauder was the son of Estée and Joseph Lauder, who founded their company in 1946 in New York City. He officially joined the company in 1958 after studying at Columbia University's Graduate School of Business, the press release stated. He was named chairman in 1995 and oversaw the launch of brands including Aramis and Clinique and remained involved with The Estée Lauder Companies' acquisitions strategy until his death, the company said in the press release. "Leonard was a wonderful brother and a devoted husband, father, grandfather, great-grandfather, uncle, colleague, and friend," Ronald S. Lauder, Chairman of Clinique Laboratories, said of his brother in the press release. "His legacy extends far beyond being the heart of our family. His impact will be felt for generations to come thanks to his tireless philanthropy, advocacy, and creativity in tackling some of the world's greatest challenges." Lauder served as a lieutenant in the U.S. Navy and as a Navy reservist, for which the U.S. Navy Supply Corps Foundation later recognized him with its Distinguished Alumni Award. Lauder was one of the wealthiest people in the world, with an estimated worth in the 2025 Forbes list of billionaires at $10.1 billion. Philanthropy included multiple record-breaking donations Lauder, a graduate of the Bronx School of Science, made multiple notable donations during his life. In 2020, Lauder made a $125 million donation to the University of Pennsylvania to create a tuition-free program to educate nurse practitioners. The donation was the largest ever made to an American nursing school, according to the press release. He pledged his 78-piece collection of Cubist art to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 2013 – the largest the largest single philanthropic gift in the museum's history – and later added seven other pieces, according to the press release. In addition to the pledge, he helped establish the Leonard A. Lauder Research Center for Modern Art at the Met to support a robust program of fellowships, focused exhibitions and public lectures. "He was the most charitable man I have ever known, believing that art and education belonged to everyone, and championing the fight against diseases such as Alzheimer's and breast cancer. Above all, my father was a man who practiced kindness with everyone he met," William P. Lauder, Leonard's son and Chair of the Board of Directors for the The Estée Lauder Companies, said in the statement. Lauder served as Honorary Chairman of the board of directors at the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, the organization his late wife, Evelyn Lauder, founded in 1993 as well as founding and leading the Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation with Ronald. Lauder is survived by his wife, Judy Glickman Lauder, his brother Ronald, his sons William and Gary Lauder, five grandchildren, two great-grandchildren as well as "many stepchildren and step grandchildren," according to the press release. Contributing: Palm Beach Daily News – USA TODAY Network
Business Upturn
5 days ago
- Business
- Business Upturn
Cosmetics Industry Icon Leonard A. Lauder, Chairman Emeritus, The Estée Lauder Companies, Passes Away
New York, United States: It is with deep sadness that The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. (NYSE: EL) announces that Chairman Emeritus Leonard A. Lauder passed away on June 14, at the age of 92, surrounded by family. This press release features multimedia. View the full release here: Leonard A. Lauder Mr. Lauder was born in 1933 in New York City, the oldest son of Estée and Joseph H. Lauder, the founders of The Estée Lauder Companies. He was a graduate of the Bronx High School of Science, the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School, and the Officer Candidate School of the United States Navy. Mr. Lauder studied at Columbia University's Graduate School of Business. He served as a lieutenant in the U.S. Navy and as a Navy reservist, for which the U.S. Navy Supply Corps Foundation later recognized him with its Distinguished Alumni Award. He formally joined Estée Lauder in 1958, and for more than six decades, Mr. Lauder was a visionary and an innovator, helping transform the business from a handful of products sold under a single brand in U.S. stores to the multi-brand, global leader in prestige beauty that it is today. 'Throughout his life, my father worked tirelessly to build and transform the beauty industry, pioneering many of the innovations, trends, and best practices that are foundational to the industry today,' said William P. Lauder, son and Chair, Board of Directors, The Estée Lauder Companies. 'He was the most charitable man I have ever known, believing that art and education belonged to everyone, and championing the fight against diseases such as Alzheimer's and breast cancer. Above all, my father was a man who practiced kindness with everyone he met. His impact was enormous. He believed that employees were the heart and soul of our company, and they adored him and moments spent with him. His warmth and thoughtfulness made an imprint on our company, the industry, and, of course, our family. Together with my family, The Estée Lauder Companies, and the countless people he touched, we celebrate his extraordinary life.' Mr. Lauder served as President of The Estée Lauder Companies from 1972 to 1995 and as Chief Executive Officer from 1982 through 1999. He was named Chairman in 1995 and served in that role through June 2009. Throughout his tenure at the company, Mr. Lauder consistently challenged the status quo, developing and implementing innovative sales and marketing programs that revolutionized the beauty industry. He created the company's first research and development laboratory, brought in professional management at every level, and was the driving force behind The Estée Lauder Companies' international expansion, helping to increase the company's sales and profits exponentially. A legendary brand builder, Mr. Lauder led the launch of many brands including Aramis, Clinique, and Lab Series, among others. Until his death, he remained deeply involved in the company's acquisition strategy, including the acquisitions of Aveda, Bobbi Brown, Jo Malone London, La Mer, and M∙A∙C. Speaking for The Estée Lauder Companies, President and Chief Executive Officer Stéphane de La Faverie said, 'Leonard Lauder was beloved by many and will be missed tremendously. To our employees at The Estée Lauder Companies, he was an inspiration and a champion. To the industry, he was an icon and pioneer, earning respect worldwide. His energy and vision helped shape our company and will continue to do so for generations to come. He was a deeply compassionate leader who cared profoundly about every person in the company. I feel privileged to have worked with Leonard, who has been the best mentor I could have dreamt to learn from. He will be remembered by all of us.' During his many years as Chairman Emeritus, Mr. Lauder was closely involved in the business and day-to-day operations of the company and was a constant fixture at The Estée Lauder Companies' global headquarters in New York and at our stores and counters across the globe until the time of his death. Mr. Lauder believed that each of his colleagues was like a member of his family and treated them as such. The values that continue to set the company apart are the values he so strongly believed in and embodied, most notably generosity of spirit and kindness toward all. Perhaps the role Mr. Lauder was most proud of was the unofficial one as The Estée Lauder Companies' 'chief teaching officer.' He believed that a company's wealth is its people and focused on mentoring and fostering growth within the company's diverse talent pool. He believed strongly in the importance of recognition and gratitude and was a tireless advocate for employees. At the onset of the global pandemic in 2020, Mr. Lauder was instrumental in setting up the ELC Cares Employee Relief Fund to support the physical, mental, and emotional well-being of employees and their families. Mr. Lauder was deeply involved in medical research, education, art, foreign policy, and philanthropy, and the marks he made on those worlds were transformational. Mr. Lauder believed passionately in the importance of public access to art and museums, which inspired his philosophy that the primary role of a collector was to conserve, not possess. He was a long-time supporter of the Metropolitan Museum of Art (the Met) and, in 2013, pledged his 78-piece collection of Cubist art to the museum in the largest single philanthropic gift in the Met's history. He later added five major works to that promised gift. In concert with his Cubist collection donation, he helped establish the Leonard A. Lauder Research Center for Modern Art at the Met to support a robust program of fellowships, focused exhibitions, and public lectures. Along with his prominent presence at the Met, he also served as the Whitney Museum of American Art's Chairman Emeritus and a trustee from 1977 to 2011. Throughout his life, he donated works of art and endowed curatorial positions and research departments to numerous institutions. Mr. Lauder was a long-time advocate of cancer research and served as Honorary Chairman of the board of directors at the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, the organization his beloved late-wife, Evelyn H. Lauder, founded in 1993. He also championed the fight against Alzheimer's by co-founding and leading the Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation with his brother, Ronald S. Lauder, which supports cutting-edge drug research. Mr. Lauder remained actively engaged with these organizations until his death, and they were extraordinarily dear to his heart. Remembering his brother, Ronald S. Lauder, Chairman, Clinique Laboratories, LLC at The Estée Lauder Companies, said, 'Leonard was a wonderful brother and a devoted husband, father, grandfather, great-grandfather, uncle, colleague, and friend. But his legacy extends far beyond being the heart of our family. His impact will be felt for generations to come thanks to his tireless philanthropy, advocacy, and creativity in tackling some of the world's greatest challenges. The number of lives he touched and positively impacted across all his endeavors is immeasurable. His passion and generosity have inspired us all, and there are no words to express how much he will be missed.' 'My father was a remarkable man, a leader in business, a devoted philanthropist, and a deeply loving father, grandfather, and great-grandfather,' said Gary M. Lauder, son and Member, Board of Directors, The Estée Lauder Companies. 'His energy, sharp intellect, and generous spirit touched the lives of so many across the world. To me, he was also a constant source of encouragement, wisdom, and love. His legacy is vast, not only in the beauty industry, but in the countless lives improved by his charitable efforts and his passionate commitment to the arts, education, and healthcare. He was not only well-respected and admired, but he was also adored by his employees and colleagues. This affection stands out for me. While we mourn his passing, we also celebrate his extraordinary life, his lasting contributions, and the values he instilled in all of us: integrity, curiosity, and the importance of giving back. He will be missed more than words can express.' Mr. Lauder believed in the value of education and supported a variety of academic institutions. He was an emeritus trustee of the University of Pennsylvania and a founding member of the board of governors of its Joseph H. Lauder Institute of Management and International Studies, along with his brother, Ronald. His passion for education continued into the public space, having supported several schools in the New York area and receiving the honor of being an inductee into the Bronx High School of Science Hall of Fame in 2017. When the pandemic in 2020 magnified the nation's acute shortage of quality primary care in underserved communities, Mr. Lauder worked with the University of Pennsylvania to create a tuition-free program to educate nurse practitioners. His donation of $125 million, the largest gift ever to an American nursing school, made possible the Leonard A. Lauder Community Care Nurse Practitioner Program at the University of Pennsylvania. Mr. Lauder worked throughout his life to promote dialogue among governments, political and non-governmental organizations, and the public and private sectors, believing that this interdisciplinary dialogue is crucial to progress. He served as a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and as Chairman Emeritus and a lifetime trustee on the board of directors at the Aspen Institute. He felt that public service was a person's duty and, in addition to his time in the U.S. Navy, later served on the Advisory Committee for Trade Negotiations under President Ronald Reagan from 1983–1987. Throughout his lifetime, Mr. Lauder was honored with a myriad of awards, including the 'Lone Sailor' Award given by the U.S. Navy Supply Corps Foundation, the Légion d'Honneur given by the government of France, the Women's Leadership Award given by the Lincoln Center Corporate Fund Women's Leadership Council, and the Palazzo Strozzi Renaissance Man of the Year Award. In 2020, he was inducted into the Retail Hall of Fame by the World Retail Congress. The Lauder family received the esteemed 2011 Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy in recognition of its long-standing commitment to philanthropy and public service. In 2014, Mr. Lauder was named a Living Landmark by the New York Landmarks Conservancy. Mr. Lauder and Ms. Glickman Lauder also received the Gordon Parks Foundation Patron of the Arts Award in 2016. Mr. Lauder shared many of the lessons he learned in business and life in his memoir, The Company I Keep: My Life in Beauty, published to great acclaim in 2020. He was married to Evelyn H. Lauder, Senior Corporate Vice President at The Estée Lauder Companies and the Founder of the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, from 1959 until she passed away in 2011. On January 1, 2015, Mr. Lauder married Judy Glickman Lauder, a philanthropist and internationally recognized photographer whose work is represented in more than 300 public and private collections, including the J. Paul Getty Museum, the Whitney Museum of Art, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and the United States Holocaust Museum. Mr. Lauder considered himself lucky in love and believed that lightning really could strike twice. From the beginning, he was devoted to family. He loved his parents and adored his brother, Ronald, and the family Ronald built with Jo Carole. His nieces and their families held a special place in his heart. Mr. Lauder was grateful to his wife, Judy, for widening his family circle and cherished his stepchildren and their families. But mostly, he was extraordinarily proud of both of his sons, their families, and his grandchildren and great-grandchildren. He loved them so dearly. Mr. Lauder was a true visionary, fearless leader, and cherished friend to so many. He was the beacon of our company and the north star of an entire industry. The world is a better place because Leonard Lauder was in it. The Estée Lauder Companies extends our deepest sympathies to the entire Lauder family during this exceedingly difficult time. Mr. Lauder is survived by his wife, Judy Glickman Lauder; his son William P. Lauder; his son Gary M. Lauder and wife, Laura Lauder; five grandchildren, Rachel, Danielle, Djuna-Bear, Joshua, Eliana, two great-grandchildren, many stepchildren and step grandchildren, as well as his brother, Ronald S. Lauder, and wife, Jo Carole Lauder, and their daughters, Aerin Lauder and Jane Lauder. A private service will be held for friends and family. For those who wish, in lieu of flowers, memorial donations may be made to the Breast Cancer Research Foundation and the Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation. About The Estée Lauder Companies The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. (ELC) is one of the world's leading manufacturers, marketers, and sellers of quality skin care, makeup, fragrance, and hair care products, and is a steward of luxury and prestige brands globally. The company's products are sold in approximately 150 countries and territories under brand names including: Estée Lauder, Aramis, Clinique, Lab Series, Origins, M·A·C, La Mer, Bobbi Brown Cosmetics, Aveda, Jo Malone London, Bumble and bumble, Darphin Paris, TOM FORD, Smashbox, AERIN Beauty, Le Labo, Editions de Parfums Frédéric Malle, GLAMGLOW, KILIAN PARIS, Too Faced, the DECIEM family of brands, including The Ordinary and NIOD, and BALMAIN Beauty. ELC-C ELC-L View source version on Disclaimer: The above press release comes to you under an arrangement with Business Wire. Business Upturn takes no editorial responsibility for the same. Ahmedabad Plane Crash
Time of India
08-06-2025
- Health
- Time of India
#48: The science-backed diet-and-fasting blueprint for a longer, healthier life
Dr. Nickhil Jakatdar has been working at the cutting edge of preventive health and longevity over the last 10 years with the 3 D's – data, doctors, and dietitians – to go from being diagnosed with heart disease at the age of 41, to now having all his blood markers and body measurements in the green and his epigenetic biological age at 41 while his chronological age is 51. With a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from UC Berkeley and more than 60 patents to his name, Dr. Jakatdar has always believed in a scientific, data driven and practical approach to solving problems. He has founded or run 5 startups in the areas of semiconductors, consumer mobile video and molecular diagnostics and serves on the Advisory Boards of the South Asian Heart Center in California, the Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society (CITRIS), has been a TEDx speaker and has been the youngest recipient of the esteemed UC Berkeley Distinguished Alumni Award. LESS ... MORE 'What's the most effective diet and fasting framework that helps improve both lifespan and health span?' This is a question I get asked a lot, and one that I have spent many years trying to research and experiment with. With so many diets and fasting strategies out there, it's hard to separate trends from what's actually backed by science. In today's post #48, I provide my conclusions and recommendations, along with the clinical evidence supporting them. As always, while each of our bodies react differently and therefore need to be optimized for accordingly, the Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) studies I quote have been done across large populations. For those that want the conclusion without reading further, here they are: a) base your meals on Mediterranean principles, b) eat in a 10 AM–7 PM window, c) add in a once or twice a month 24 hour fast, and d) avoid extremes. A Quick Note on Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) Evidence-Based Medicine or EBM—the practice of making health decisions based on the best available scientific research out there. But not all the millions of studies published are equal, so scientists rank them by strength. Sort A = High-quality evidence (large, consistent clinical trials or meta-analyses). Most trustworthy. Sort B = Moderate-quality evidence (some good studies, but with mixed results or smaller scale). Sort C = Low-quality evidence (based on expert opinion, early trials, or animal studies). There is also a metric called I² (I-squared), which tells us how much the results vary across the numerous studies in a meta-analysis. I² < 25% means the different studies mostly agree = reliable evidence. I² > 50% means the different studies had different results = use with caution. Together, Sort level and I² help us separate what's truly proven from what's still speculative. This combination—EBM Sort A with I² < 25%—is what I consider the gold standard. When evidence meets that bar, it makes my short list. The clear winner: Mediterranean diet EBM Sort A, I² = 9% If there's one eating pattern that consistently wins across cultures and decades of studies, it's the Mediterranean diet. In a meta-analysis of over 1.5 million people, those who followed this diet saw a 9% reduction in all-cause mortality. The PREDIMED trial, one of the most robust dietary studies ever conducted, showed a 30% drop in cardiovascular events in participants eating a Mediterranean-style diet enriched with olive oil or nuts. The key ingredients of a Mediterranean diet include vegetables, legumes, olive oil, fish, nuts, whole grains—and very little sugar or processed food. It's sustainable, flavorful, and deeply rooted in how some of the world's healthiest populations eat. For those interested in the Indian version of the classic Mediterranean diet, check out the video interview I did with renowned clinical nutritionist, Dr. Geeta Dharmatti, on the Longevity Lab Community video meet series. If you want to watch snippets from the talk, you can do it here or join the Longevity Lab Community to watch the interview or to review the summary show notes Coupled with intermittent fasting (10am to 7pm eating window) EBM Sort A, I² = 22% Now let's talk about when you eat. I personally follow intermittent fasting (IF) with a 10 AM to 7 PM eating window, giving my body ~15 hours of fasting each night. This schedule fits my lifestyle while tapping into powerful metabolic benefits. In a 2020 meta-analysis with I² = 22%, IF was shown to significantly reduce fasting glucose, insulin, body weight, and inflammation—even without reducing calorie intake. That's a big deal. IF works not just because you eat less, but because you give your body time to rest, repair, and rebalance. IF activates AMPK (your cell's energy regulator) and suppresses mTOR (your body's growth and aging switch), while enhancing autophagy, the process of cleaning out damaged cellular parts. These pathways are at the core of what we know about aging and healthspan. If these words sound too scientific, don't worry about it. I'll be doing a post on explaining these in simple terms because an understanding of these mechanisms help with understanding how our bodies behave during fasting vs. when we are well fed, and both have important roles to play in longevity and healthspan. And/or calorie restriction (without malnutrition) EBM sort A, I² < 20% (CALERIE Trial) Calorie restriction (CR)—eating about 10%–15% fewer calories than your body burns—has been shown to extend lifespan in every species studied. In humans, the CALERIE trial found that two years of mild CR improved insulin sensitivity, lowered inflammation, and improved cardiovascular biomarkers—even among healthy, non-obese individuals. But it comes with caveats: reduced energy, muscle loss, and risk of nutrient deficiencies if you're not careful. For those of us over 50, it's essential to prioritize protein and strength training if exploring this strategy. Alternatively, intermittent fasting can deliver many of the same benefits without constant calorie counting. Diets with weak or mixed evidence Some popular diets just don't hold up under rigorous scientific review. I cover them as well so as to provide the rationale behind why they don't make the cut. Here's how they rank: 1. Ketogenic diet EBM sort B, I² = 38% Keto has proven benefits for epilepsy and can improve insulin resistance and weight loss in type 2 diabetes. But for healthy individuals focused on longevity, the evidence is thin. No long-term studies show a reduction in mortality or aging-related decline. High saturated fat intake, low fiber, and nutrient gaps are concerns. In short: therapeutic, but not necessarily longevity-enhancing for most reasonably healthy individuals. 2. Paleo/ carnivore diets EBM Sort B, I² > 40% These diets cut out processed food, which is good—but they also eliminate fiber-rich, longevity-promoting foods like legumes and whole grains. Most studies are short-term and observational. No strong Randomized Controlled Trials or RCTs support these diets for long-term healthspan. 3. Ultra-processed vegan diets EBM sort B, I² = 35%–50% Whole-food plant-based diets are associated with lower mortality and disease risk—when done right. But highly processed vegan diets (mock meats, sugary snacks) don't offer the same benefits. Quality matters more than the label. If you are on a vegan diet, make sure you keep a close eye on the quality of your carbs. My summarized recommendations: Here's what I follow—and recommend—if health span and longevity are your goals: Base your meals on Mediterranean principles: veggies, legumes, olive oil, fish, whole grains, and nuts. I don't eat much fish but I do have chicken (grilled usually) and some amount of unflavored, unsweetened yogurt. Eat in a 10am–7pm window to give your body time to repair overnight. While I follow a 15 hour fasting window, even a 12-14 hour window is fine. Make sure it's practical to fit within your lifestyle, but avoid eating too much after sunset, since our circadian rhythm is a big driver of hormone balance. Add in a once-a-month or twice-a-month 24 hour fast to trigger deeper autophagy and mitochondrial rejuvenation. It is critical to not overdo it to ensure no muscle mass loss, and to avoid thyroid dysregulation. Avoid extremes. Diets that exclude major food groups often don't stand up to long-term evidence. Final thought Longevity is about combining the best of what modern science and ancestral wisdom agree on—and doing it consistently. Eat well. Eat smart. Give your body time to recover. And build strength—this will stand you in good stead for decades to come. Facebook Twitter Linkedin Email Disclaimer Views expressed above are the author's own.
Yahoo
05-06-2025
- Business
- Yahoo
Gov. Abbott names new leaders to Texas Parks and Wildlife Commission
CROCKETT, Texas (KETK) — Governor Greg Abbott has appointed John A. McCall Jr., O.D. to the Texas Parks and Wildlife Commission and Paul Foster as its chairman. Owner of Crockett Eye Clinic, McCall is the senior vice president and a founder of Vision Source, co-founder and co-owner of Logansport Surgical Center, and founder and owner of Stealth Vision Optics and Rifles. McCall is also the former city councilman and mayor of Crockett. McCall has also been a private pilot for 25 years and has over 3800 hours flying. McCall has won several awards, including Texas Optometrist of the Year, Texas Young Optometrist of the Year and the Texas Distinguished Service Award. Paul L. Foster of El Paso is not only the Wildlife Commission's newest chairman but also on the board of trustees of the Baylor College of Medicine. Foster has served as a commissioner for the Texas Parks and Wildlife Commission since 2021 and is a former director of the National Petroleum Refiners Association and the Western Petroleum Marketers Association. Foster has received the Baylor University Distinguished Alumni Award and was inducted into the 2013 Class of the Texas Business Hall of Fame. Each is expected to start on a term that is set to expire February 1, 2031. Copyright 2025 Nexstar Media, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
India Gazette
26-05-2025
- Business
- India Gazette
Centre grants second one-year service extension to DRDO chief Dr Samir V Kamat
New Delhi [India], May 26 (ANI): In a significant decision, the centre has granted Dr Samir V Kamat, the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) chief, a one-year extension to his service until May 31, 2026. This is his second service extension. The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet approved the extension to the service of Dr Samir V Kamat, who is also the Secretary of the Department of Defence Research and Development (DDR&D). Kamat was appointed to the top post on August 25, 2022. An alumnus of IIT Kharagpur and The Ohio State University, USA, he joined DRDO in 1989 and previously served as Director General (Naval Systems and Materials). A distinguished scientist, Dr Kamat is a Fellow of the Indian National Academy of Engineering (INAE) and the Institution of Engineers India (IEI). He is a recipient of the Distinguished Alumni Award from IIT Kharagpur, the Metallurgist of the Year Award from the Ministry of Steel, and DRDO's Scientist of the Year Award. He has authored over 180 papers in international peer-reviewed journals. Earlier on May 22, DRDO Chairman Dr Samir V Kamat visited Solar Industries in Nagpur on Thursday. Solar Industries is a leading indigenous defence manufacturing company that contributes to India's self-reliance on defence production. During his visit, Dr Kamat reviewed the manufacturing processes of various defence products being developed by Solar Industries. In an exclusive interaction with ANI, Dr Kamat emphasised the growing role of private industry in strengthening India's defence capabilities. 'The private sector is playing a crucial role in the defence sector. To achieve the goals of 'Aatmanirbhar Bharat' and to enhance our combat strength, it is essential to promote indigenous defence manufacturing,' Kamat said. Referring to the recent conflict with Pakistan, Dr Kamat expressed satisfaction over the performance of DRDO-developed weapons systems, which were reportedly deployed during the operations. (ANI)
