How much damage has Israel inflicted on Iran's nuclear programme?
Vienna – Israel's strikes on Iran have taken aim at its nuclear facilities, amid fears that the Islamic republic is seeking to develop nuclear weapons — an accusation Tehran denies.
Experts told AFP that while the attacks might have caused some damage to Iran's nuclear programme, they are unlikely to have delivered a fatal blow.
– What is the extent of the damage? –
Israel's operation included strikes on Iran's underground uranium enrichment sites at Natanz and Fordow, and a uranium conversion facility at Isfahan, according to the UN's International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), citing information from Iranian officials.
IAEA said on Friday that a key, above-ground component of Iran's Natanz nuclear site had been destroyed, also citing Iranian officials.
There was 'extensive' damage to the site's power supply, according to a report from the Institute for Science and International Security (ISIS), a US-based organisation specialising in nuclear proliferation, which analysed satellite images.
A loss of electricity to underground facilities can significantly damage the site's centrifuges, the machines used to enrich uranium, the ISIS institute said.
If backup power is lost, 'at the least, the enrichment plant is rendered inoperable for the time being', it said.
Iran has said the damage to Fordow, south of Tehran, was minor.
But experts said it is impossible at this stage to determine the impact the strikes might have had on uranium stockpiles believed to be stored around the Isfahan site.
Ali Vaez, International Crisis Group's Iran project director, told AFP that if Iran managed to transfer significant quantities to 'secret facilities,' then 'the game is lost for Israel'.
– Can the programme be destroyed? –
While 'Israel can damage Iran's nuclear programme… it is unlikely to be able to destroy it', Vaez said, arguing that Israel does not have the massively powerful bombs needed 'to destroy the fortified, bunkered facilities in Natanz and Fordow'.
Destroying those would require US military assistance, added Kelsey Davenport, an expert with the Arms Control Association.
She also stressed that Israel's unprecedented attack cannot erase the expertise Iran had built up on nuclear weapons, despite killing nine Iranian nuclear scientists.
– What are the risks to the Iranian population? –
The IAEA has not detected any increase in radiation levels at the affected sites.
'There is very little risk that attacks on Iran's uranium enrichment facilities would result in a harmful radiation release,' said Davenport.
But an attack on Bushehr, Iran's only nuclear power plant, could 'have a serious impact on health and the environment', she added.
After Israel launched its strikes, IAEA chief Rafael Grossi said that nuclear facilities 'must never be attacked' and that targeting Iranian sites could have 'grave consequences for the people of Iran, the region, and beyond'.
– Is Iran close to developing a nuclear bomb? –
After the United States unilaterally withdrew in 2018 from a landmark deal that sought to curb Tehran's nuclear activities, Iran has gradually retreated from some of its obligations, particularly on uranium enrichment.
As of mid-May, the country had an estimated 408.6 kilogrammes enriched to up to 60 percent — just a short step from the 90 percent needed for a nuclear warhead.
Iran theoretically has enough near-weapons-grade material, if further refined, for about 10 nuclear bombs, according to the definition by the Vienna-based IAEA.
Iran is the only non nuclear-armed state producing uranium to this level of enrichment, according to the UN nuclear watchdog.
While the IAEA has been critical of Iran's lack of cooperation with the UN body, it says that there is 'no credible indications of an ongoing, undeclared structured nuclear programme'.
Tehran has consistently denied ambitions to develop nuclear warheads.
But Davenport warned the strikes could strengthen factions in Iran advocating for an atomic arsenal.
'Israel's strikes set Iran back technically, but politically the strikes are pushing Iran closer to nuclear weapons,' she said.
Try Our AI Features
Explore what Daily8 AI can do for you:
Comments
No comments yet...
Related Articles
Shafaq News
an hour ago
- Shafaq News
Trump gives Iran two-week ultimatum
Shafaq News/ On Friday, US President Donald Trump announced that Iran has been given a two-week deadline to 'come to its senses,' warning of escalating consequences. Speaking at a media briefing at the White House, Trump described Iran's position as increasingly precarious, citing the impact of the ongoing conflict. 'Iran is in a tough spot and suffering greatly under the current escalation with Israel,' he remarked, warning that the standoff shows no signs of nearing a resolution. He also praised Israel's military performance, characterizing Israeli forces as 'doing very well,' stressing that expecting Israel to halt its aerial operations inside Iranian territory remains unrealistic given the current dynamics. On the question of de-escalation, Trump voiced conditional openness to a ceasefire. 'I might support a ceasefire depending on how the situation evolves,' he stated. 'But right now, I don't see a clear path to ending the fighting.' He also alleged that Iran was only 'weeks away' from obtaining a nuclear weapon—an outcome he insisted would not have materialized during his presidency. Trump's remarks come amid growing regional backlash over Israel's Operation Rising Lion, a sweeping campaign of strikes on Iranian nuclear and military facilities. The operation resulted in the deaths of several senior commanders from Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) as well as prominent nuclear scientists, drawing broad condemnation across the region. In retaliation, Iran launched True Promise 3, which has so far consisted of 17 waves of drone and missile attacks in what Tehran described as the largest direct strike on Israeli territory to date.
Shafaq News
an hour ago
- Shafaq News
Shipping Giant Suspends Israel's Haifa Port service
Shafaq News/ On Friday, Danish shipping company Maersk announced the suspension of all vessel calls to Israel's Haifa port, citing security concerns tied to the intensifying conflict between Israel and Iran. In a statement, the company, considered the world's second-largest container shipping operator, explained that potential risks to crew safety and vessel operations at Israeli ports prompted the move. Meanwhile, Maersk added that no further disruptions are expected across its regional routes, confirming that vessels will continue docking at Ashdod, a southern Israeli port. The suspension follows Israel's Operation Rising Lion, a series of strikes targeting Iranian nuclear and military sites that resulted in the deaths of several senior IRGC commanders and nuclear scientists. Iran retaliated with True Promise 3, described as its largest direct assault on Israeli territory, involving so far 17 waves of missile and drone attacks. Official reports count at least 224 fatalities in Iran and 25 in Israel since the conflict began.
Shafaq News
2 hours ago
- Shafaq News
Iraq urges de-escalation at UN, condemns Israeli violations
Shafaq News/ On Friday, Iraq's Permanent Representative to the United Nations, Abbas Kadhim Obaid, called for urgent measures to prevent a 'catastrophic war' in the Middle East, denouncing Israeli airspace violations and urging respect for Iraqi sovereignty. Speaking at an emergency session of the UN Security Council convened to address the escalating Israel–Iran conflict, Obaid reiterated Baghdad's firm rejection of using Iraqi territory for regional confrontation. 'We warn against dragging the region into a broader conflict,' he said, condemning Israeli airstrikes on Iran and labeling them a breach of international law. 'We refuse to be a battlefield for settling scores,' he added. Obaid called on Israel to place its facilities under international supervision, urging compliance with global safeguards to reduce the risk of regional proliferation and conflict. His remarks came as Iranian and Israeli representatives exchanged accusations at the UN, blaming one another for rising civilian casualties and destabilizing nuclear brinkmanship.
