
Norma Swenson, an Author of ‘Our Bodies, Ourselves,' Dies at 93
Norma Swenson was working to educate women about childbirth, championing their right to have a say about how they delivered their babies, when she met the members of the collective that had put out the first rough version of what would become the feminist health classic 'Our Bodies, Ourselves.' It was around 1970, and she recalled a few of the women attending a meeting she was holding in Newton, Mass., where she lived.
It did not go well. One of them shouted at her, 'You are not a feminist, you'll never be a feminist and you need to go to school!'
'I was stricken,' Ms. Swenson remembered in a StoryCorps interview in 2018. 'But also feeling that maybe she was right. I needed to know more things.'
She did, however, know quite a bit about the medical establishment, the paternalistic and condescending behavior of male doctors — in 1960, only 6 percent of incoming medical students were female — and the harmful effect that behavior had on women's health. She had lived it, during the birth of her daughter in 1958.
Despite the initial tension — the woman who had berated Ms. Swenson felt her activism was too polite, too old-school — the members of the Boston Women's Health Book Collective, as they called themselves, invited Ms. Swenson to join their group. She would go on to help make 'Our Bodies, Ourselves' a global best seller. It was a relationship that lasted for the next half-century.
Ms. Swenson died on May 11 at her home in Newton. She was 93.
The cause was cancer, her daughter, Sarah Swenson, said.
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Fox News
26 minutes ago
- Fox News
Top Trump health official slams Democrats for 'misleading' claims about Medicaid reform
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Health Line
30 minutes ago
- Health Line
What Are Intramuscular Injections?
An intramuscular injection is a technique for delivering medication deep into the muscles. This allows the medication to absorb quickly into the bloodstream. You may have received an intramuscular injection at a doctor's office the last time you got a vaccine, like the flu shot. In some cases, a person may also self-administer an intramuscular injection. For example, certain drugs that treat multiple sclerosis or rheumatoid arthritis may require self-injection. What are intramuscular injections used for? Intramuscular injections are a common practice in modern medicine. They're used to deliver drugs and vaccines. Several drugs and almost all injectable vaccines are delivered this way. Intramuscular injections are used when other types of delivery methods are not recommended. These include: oral (swallowed into the stomach) intravenous (injected into the vein) subcutaneous (injected into the fatty tissue just under the layer of skin) Intramuscular injections may sometimes be used instead of intravenous injections because some drugs are irritating to veins or because a suitable vein cannot be located. However, not all intravenous medications can be administered intramuscularly. They may be used instead of oral delivery because some drugs are destroyed by the digestive system when you swallow them. Intramuscular injections are absorbed faster than subcutaneous injections. This is because muscle tissue has a greater blood supply than the tissue just under your skin. Muscle tissue can also hold a larger volume of medication than subcutaneous tissue. Intramuscular injection sites Intramuscular injections are often given in the following areas: Deltoid muscle of the arm The deltoid muscle is the site most typically used for vaccines. However, this site is not common for self-injection because its small muscle mass limits the volume of medication that can be injected — typically no more than 1 milliliter. It's also challenging to use this site for self-injection. A caregiver, friend, or family member can assist with injections into this muscle. To locate this site, feel for the bone (acromion process) located at the top of your upper arm. The correct area to give the injection is two finger widths below the acromion process. At the bottom of the two fingers will be an upside-down triangle. Give the injection in the center of the triangle. Vastus lateralis muscle of the thigh The thigh may be used when the other sites are not available or if you need to administer the medication on your own. Divide the upper thigh into three equal parts. Locate the middle of these three sections. The injection should go into the outer top portion of this section. Ventrogluteal muscle of the hip The ventrogluteal muscle is the safest site for adults and children older than 7 months. It's deep and not close to any major blood vessels or nerves. However, this site is difficult for self-injection and may require the help of a friend, family member, or caregiver. Place the heel of your hand on the hip of the person receiving the injection, with your fingers pointing toward their head. Position your fingers so your thumb points toward their groin, and you feel the pelvis under your pinky finger. Spread your index and middle fingers in a slight V shape, and inject the needle into the middle of that V. Dorsogluteal muscles of the buttocks For many years, healthcare professionals most commonly selected the dorsogluteal muscle of the buttocks. However, due to the potential for injury to the sciatic nerve, the ventrogluteal muscle is most often used instead. This site in the dorsogluteal muscle is difficult to use for self-injection and is not recommended. You should not use an injection site that has evidence of infection or injury. If you'll be giving the injection more than once, rotate the injection sites to avoid injury or discomfort to the muscles. How to administer an intramuscular injection Anyone who administers intramuscular injections should receive training and education on proper injection techniques. The needle size and injection site will depend on many factors. These include the age and size of the person receiving the medication, and the volume and type of medication. Your doctor or pharmacist will give you specific guidelines about which needle and syringe are appropriate to administer your medication. The needle should be long enough to reach the muscle without penetrating the nerves and blood vessels underneath. Generally, needles should be 1 inch to 1.5 inches for an adult and will be smaller for a child. They'll be 22-gauge to 25-gauge thick, noted as 22g on the packaging. Follow these steps for a safe intramuscular injection: 1. Wash your hands Wash your hands with soap and warm water to prevent potential infection. Be sure to thoroughly scrub between your fingers, on the backs of your hands, and under your fingernails. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends lathering for 20 seconds, which is the time it takes to sing the 'Happy Birthday' song twice. 2. Gather all the needed supplies Assemble the following supplies: needle and syringe with medication alcohol pads gauze puncture-resistant container to discard the used needles and syringe (typically a red, plastic sharps container) bandages 3. Locate the injection site To isolate the muscle and target where you'll place the injection, spread the skin at the injection site between two fingers. The person receiving the injection should get into a comfortable position that allows easy access to the location and keeps the muscles relaxed. 4. Clean the injection site Clean the site selected for injection with an alcohol swab and allow the skin to air dry. 5. Prepare the syringe with medication Remove the cap. If the vial or pen is multidose, note when the vial was first opened. The rubber stopper should be cleaned with an alcohol swab. Draw air into the syringe. Draw back the plunger to fill the syringe with air up to the dose that you'll be injecting. This is done because the vial is a vacuum, and you need to add an equal amount of air to regulate the pressure. This also makes it easier to draw the medication into the syringe. If you forget this step, you can still get the medication out of the vial. Insert air into the vial. Remove the cap from the needle and push the needle through the rubber stopper at the top of the vial. Inject all of the air into the vial. Be careful not to touch the needle to keep it clean. Withdraw the medication. Turn the vial and syringe upside down so the needle points upward, and pull back on the plunger to withdraw the correct amount of medication. Remove air bubbles. Tap the syringe to push any bubbles to the top and gently depress the plunger to push the air bubbles out. 6. Self-inject with a syringe Hold the needle like a dart and insert it into the muscle at a 90-degree angle. You should insert the needle in a quick but controlled manner. Do not push the plunger in. 7. Inject the medication Push the plunger slowly to inject the medication into the muscle. 8. Remove the needle Withdraw the needle quickly and discard it into a puncture-resistant sharps container. Do not put the cap back on the needle. A sharps container is a red container that you can purchase at any pharmacy. It collects medical waste, such as needles and syringes. You should not put these materials into the regular garbage, as needles can be hazardous to anyone who handles the trash. 9. Apply pressure to the injection site Use a piece of gauze to apply light pressure to the injection site. You can even massage the area to help the medication be absorbed into the muscle. It's routine to see slight bleeding. Use a bandage if necessary. Tips for an easier injection To minimize possible discomfort before your injection: Apply ice or an over-the-counter topical numbing cream to the injection site before cleaning it with the alcohol pad. Allow the alcohol to dry completely before the injection. Otherwise, it might cause stinging. Warm the vial of medication by rubbing it between your hands before drawing the medication into the syringe. Have someone you trust give you the injection. Some people find it difficult to inject themselves. What are the complications of intramuscular injections? It's typical to experience some discomfort after an intramuscular injection. However, certain symptoms may be signs of a more serious complication. Call your doctor or healthcare professional right away if you experience: You may have some anxiety about performing or receiving an injection, especially an intramuscular injection, due to the long needle. Read through the steps several times until you feel comfortable with the procedure, and take your time. You can ask your doctor or pharmacist to go through the procedure with you beforehand. They're more than willing to help you understand how to perform a safe, proper injection.


CNN
33 minutes ago
- CNN
CDC vaccine advisers to vote on thimerosal in flu shots at first meeting of new panel
Vaccines Federal agencies Respiratory viruses Children's healthFacebookTweetLink Follow A newly posted agenda for next week's meeting of the just-appointed group of outside vaccine advisers to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention includes a discussion and vote on thimerosal in flu vaccines, a preservative tied to debunked claims from decades ago of links to autism. The meeting, scheduled to start June 25 and run for two days, is the first for a newly installed group of eight Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices members. US Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. dismissed the previous group of 17 experts last week, claiming that they had conflicts of interest. A number of the new panelists, though, have raised concerns from the public health world for their positions on vaccines, including serving as expert witnesses in lawsuits against vaccine makers and suggesting without evidence that Covid-19 vaccines kill young people and should immediately be removed from the market. It's not clear what the discussion and vote at next week's meeting on thimerosal in flu vaccines will entail, and the presenter of the information at the meeting is listed on the agenda as 'TBD.' A spokesperson for HHS directed questions about the nature of the discussion and vote back to the posted agenda. Thimerosal is a mercury-based compound used to prevent bacteria and fungus from growing in vaccines, and the CDC says data from multiple studies 'show no evidence of harm caused by the low doses of thimerosal in vaccines.' 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Thimerosal contains ethylmercury, the agency says, 'which is cleared from the human body more quickly than methylmercury, and is therefore less likely to cause any harm.' The fact that thimerosal is now on the agenda of Kennedy's newly appointed vaccine advisers suggests they may publicly claim, against evidence, that the preservative is dangerous, said Dr. Paul Offit, a vaccine scientist at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and an outside vaccine adviser to the FDA. 'All that's going to do is make it so that those vaccines will become less available and more expensive,' Offit told CNN. 'It certainly won't make them safer.' Offit pointed out that reformulating those vaccines couldn't be done quickly by manufacturers, so it would 'most likely just lead to vaccine shortages and make the vaccines more expensive.' Also new to the agenda is a discussion and proposed recommendations for the measles, mump, rubella and varicella (or chickenpox) vaccine for children under 5. 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The agenda also includes a number of 'TBD' listings for presenters, including on the safety of Covid-19 vaccines and RSV immunizations. At previous meetings, those presentations on Covid-19 have been made by Dr. Fiona Havers and Dr. Lakshmi Panagiotakopoulos, who both resigned in the past few weeks, citing concerns about changes to the CDC's vaccine processes under Kennedy. 'My career in public health and vaccinology started with a deep-seated desire to help the most vulnerable members of our population,' Panagiotakopoulos wrote in an email to former ACIP members, obtained by CNN, 'and that is not something I am able to continue doing in this role.'