This conclave to choose a new pope was short — but not the shortest ever
Before 1274, there were times when a pope was elected the same day as the death of his predecessor. After that, however, the church decided to wait at least 10 days before the first vote. Later that was extended to 15 days to give all cardinals time to get to Rome.
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The quickest conclave observing the 10-day wait rule appears to have been the 1503 election of Pope Julius II, who was elected in just a few hours, according to Vatican historian Ambrogio Piazzoni. In more recent times, Pope Francis was elected in 2013 on the fifth ballot, Benedict XVI won in 2005 on the fourth and Pope Pius XII won on the third in 1939.
Black smoke billowed from the chimney of the Sistine Chapel where 133 cardinals gathered on the second day of the conclave to elect a successor to late Pope Francis, at the Vatican, Thursday.
Alessandra Tarantino/Associated Press
The longest conclave since the 20th century began took 14 rounds of balloting across five days, ending with the election of Pius XI in 1922. The shortest was the conclave that elected Pius XII in 1939, which took three ballots in two days.
Cardinals must reach a two-thirds majority to elect a pope. That was somewhat easier in conclaves past: In 1922 there were just 53 voting cardinals, and until 1978 there were fewer than 100 each time. This year there are 133, so 89 votes were needed.
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Here's a look at the duration of conclaves in recent history, according to multiple sources including Catholic and other Italian publications:
- 1914: Benedict XV: 10 ballots, 3 days
- 1922: Pius XI: 14 ballots, 5 days
- 1939: Pius XII: 3 ballots, 2 days
- 1958: John XXIII: 11 ballots, 4 days
- 1963: Paul VI: 5 or 6 ballots, 3 days
- 1978: John Paul I: 4 ballots, 2 days
- 1978: John Paul II: 8 ballots, 3 days
- 2005: Benedict XVI: 4 ballots, 2 days
- 2013: Francis: 5 ballots, 2 days
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