Over 276 million Americans affected by medical data breaches

A staggering 276 million patient records were compromised in 2024, experts have revealed. It suggests eight in 10 Americans had some form of medical data stolen last year. The biggest hack in 2024 was also one the largest healthcare data breaches in US history, impacting 190 million patients linked to Change Healthcare.
Now, researchers at the cyber watchdog Check Point are warning of a newly uncovered healthcare cyberattack that could expose even more sensitive information than the previous year. According to the team, cybercriminals are impersonating practicing doctors to trick patients into revealing Social Security numbers, medical histories, insurance details, and other personal data. The phishing campaign has been active since March 20, and researchers estimate that 95 percent of its targets are in the US. 'In some versions of these phishing emails, cybercriminals deploy images of real, practicing doctors but pair them with fake names,' the Check Point team reported.
The emails instruct recipients to contact a listed healthcare provider using a specific phone number—part of the scam. Researchers noted that Zocdoc has become a key tool in the attackers' arsenal, as it allows them to use images of real doctors while disguising their identities with fake credentials. The Check Point team noted that the data compromised in 2024 amounted to roughly 758,000 records every single day. 'Victims of medical identity theft will spend an average of 210 hours and $2,500 out-of-pocket to reclaim their identities and resolve the fallout,' the researchers said.
In one case, cybercriminals created a fake profile on Zocdoc using a real doctor's image but a fake name and sent a fake pre-appointment message, booking confirmation, and additional instructions. To safeguard patients' private information and finances, healthcare organizations are urged to install advanced phishing filters, conduct regular employee cybersecurity training and mock drills, and ensure their IT teams are equipped to respond to threats quickly. In March 2025, Yale New Haven Health experienced a data breach affecting approximately 5.5 million individuals.
Hackers copied the data on the day it was discovered, indicating a likely ransomware attack and exposing the fragility of the U.S. healthcare system. These breaches highlight systemic failures in the cybersecurity infrastructure of the healthcare sector. Many organizations still rely on outdated systems that lack modern security protocols, making them easy targets for cybercriminals. A recent study revealed that some medical devices—unlike smartphones or laptops—lack basic security safeguards, making them a significant entry point for hackers. By compromising devices like MRI machines, cybercriminals can gain access to entire networks and connected systems, creating widespread vulnerabilities.
The financial repercussions of these breaches are staggering. UnitedHealth Group estimated the cost of the Change Healthcare breach at approximately $2.5 billion, covering response efforts, system rebuilds, and support for affected providers. 'The company has restored most of the affected Change Healthcare services while continuing to provide financial assistance to remaining healthcare providers in need,' UnitedHealth Group stated. Beyond financial damage, the cyberattack also caused severe operational disruption. For instance, delays in processing insurance claims forced some patients to pay out of pocket for medications and services. Smaller healthcare providers faced devastating revenue losses, threatening their survival.
In response to the rising threat, a new set of Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regulations was proposed in January 2025. The goal is to enhance the protection of medical records through stronger data encryption and stricter compliance checks. The proposed rule is expected to cost $9 billion in the first year and $6 billion annually over the next four years.
Patients affected by data breaches are urged to monitor their financial accounts, request credit reports, and consider placing fraud alerts. 'Patients are encouraged to review statements from their healthcare providers and report any inaccuracies immediately,' said Yale New Haven Health. The exposure of 276 million patient records underscores the urgent need to reinforce cybersecurity in healthcare. As threats continue to evolve, it's critical for healthcare organizations to implement modern safeguards and conduct regular audits to stay ahead of attackers and protect sensitive patient data.
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For the workers of Building 21, keeping a low profile is considered the best way to survive. Zoom meetings are avoided out of fear they are being secretly recorded. Conversations about budgets and policies are held in soundproof offices, as if they were matters of national security. Many employees carry small notebooks with them, jotting down notes instead of logging them on a computer. The desks of several sacked colleagues are empty — save for the few who have left family photos and possessions behind in case a judge rules they can return. It sounds like a scene out of Nineteen Eighty-four — yet this is the headquarters of the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia. Here, staff do everything they can to avoid the twentysomething officials from the Department of Government Efficiency (Doge) who stalk the building's corridors, said a global health specialist at Building 21, who asked that his name not be used. 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She pointed to the removal of Covid-19 vaccines from the list of jabs recommended for pregnant women and children — a decision that was made last month without any input from Moser and her colleagues, and which 'does not align with the science', she said. Dr Yvonne Maldonado, another former committee member, warned that 'the firings, disruption and the chaos' of Kennedy's administration were 'incredibly damaging' and unlikely to benefit public health. 'I can't think that these downstream impacts are going to be good ones,' she said in her first public comments. month Kennedy announced 'Generation Gold Standard' — a $500 million initiative to develop vaccines using technology dating from the 1950s. Scientists fear it marks a step back from newer, more innovative vaccine technologies like the mRNA platform, which was used for several highly effective Covid vaccines but has been demonised by antivaxers, including the organisation that Kennedy once chaired, Children's Health Defence. An NIH source with knowledge of the initiative said the senior leadership had bypassed all the 'typical internal scientific review, discussions and grant-making processes' to launch the programme. The source said Kennedy was 'fixated on a link between vaccines and autism' and described the programme as a 'waste of money'. 'He's dropping half a billion dollars on God knows what,' said the NIH source, who asked not to be named because he is still working for the agency. • Meet the antivax whisperer fighting the vaccine slump Preventing chronic disease is one of the cornerstones of Kennedy's mission. In proposals that are widely supported, he has pledged to improve the quality of American produce, crack down on ultra-processed foods, detoxify the environment, diminish people's dependence on drugs and promote cleaner, healthier lifestyles. But insiders say the teams of experts needed to achieve these aims are being dismantled. 'He's shooting himself in the foot,' said a federal worker who was recently fired from the CDC's global health centre. Earlier this year the CDC's childhood lead-poisoning prevention programme was shuttered — despite one in two American toddlers showing detectable levels of lead, a neurotoxin that can cause cognitive impairments and developmental issues, in their blood. No reason was given for the programme's closure. It meant the CDC was unable to help when Wisconsin requested formal aid to tackle a growing lead-contamination crisis in its schools in March. 'Due to the complete loss of our lead programme, we will be unable to support you with this,' the CDC said in response. Kennedy later said the lead programme's 26-person team would be rehired, but one CDC source close to the situation told The Times: 'Those folks are not back yet.' It is also understood that the Prevention Research Centres (PRC) programme — a network of 20 research hubs dedicated to chronic disease prevention in poorer communities in the United States — is to be closed after its team of federal scientists was fired in April. 'They're saying that they're just going to cancel the entire programme,' a CDC source with knowledge of discussions said. Universities and clinics partnered with the PRC programme, like Georgia State University and the Arkansas Centre for Women's Health, have been 'left in the dark about what happens next, with no one available to answer their questions'. Established in 1984 and renewed last year for another five years, the programme is likely to have prevented thousands of premature deaths from obesity, addiction, diabetes and cancer. 'It's one of the country's most vital and important research programs,' the CDC source said. At the FDA, experts responsible for inspecting factories to ensure food products are safe have been hamstrung by the mass firing of project managers, administrators and communication specialists, according to one source from the agency's human foods programme. 'These are the people who keep the day-to-day operations running,' the source said. Inspectors are now expected to book flights and hotels for assignments using their own credit cards, but because it can take weeks to get reimbursed many are reluctant to travel, the FDA source said. He added that a hiring freeze and funding constraints had made it harder for laboratories to analyse samples, further slowing the inspection process. 'The erosion of the oversight will eventually result in [food producers] cutting corners, maybe not being caught as quickly,' said the source, who asked to remain anonymous. 'As a result, things are going to slip and people will get sick.' • RFK Jr and Dr Oz are on a mission to save Canadian ostriches With Kennedy unable to pursue his vision of reform amid the disruption, questions are being raised over who really is in charge of the nation's health. One source speculated that it is Russell Vought, the director of the White House Office of Management and Budget, who is calling the shots. 'It's unclear to me how much RFK is actually in charge versus other Trump appointees, like Vought,' said a CDC programme co-ordinator with more than ten years at the agency. 'Kennedy clearly has certain ideas he's interested in but at this point it seems more about cutting programmes than anything else.' Despite the push to save money and improve efficiency, three sources criticised Kennedy's team of Doge officials for adding extra layers of bureaucracy to the processing of CDC grants. Every time a grant recipient wishes to make a drawdown from their funding allocation they must now fill out a questionnaire, which gets sent to Doge for final approval. Previously, grant recipients who had been meticulously assessed and cleared for funding could access their money whenever they wanted. 'It's the exact opposite of efficiency,' the CDC grants specialist said. Among staff who have been fired — but whose contracts remain in limbo as federal judges review whether Kennedy's mass terminations are lawful — many said they had no desire to return to an administration they accused of being anti-science. 'There's been a number of different steps that we could take to potentially get back into the agency and I haven't taken any of them,' said the worker fired from the CDC global health centre. 'What this administration is doing, whether it's RFK, Trump or Doge, is so antithetical to my own values that I can't work there any more.' As for those continuing to labour under Kennedy's regime, there is not much hope for the future. 'It's the perpetual anxiety, it's the lack of knowing anything that is going on. There is no plan in place,' said the global health specialist in Building 21. 'This will have real consequences for people both here in America and overseas. It breaks my heart.'