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Study reveals important benefit of charging for plastic bags

Study reveals important benefit of charging for plastic bags

Independent7 hours ago

A new study published in the journal Science indicates that local plastic bag bans and fees are effective in reducing plastic bag litter along shorelines.
The research found a 25 to 47 per cent decrease in plastic bag litter during shoreline cleanups, with the most significant impact observed along lakes.
The study highlights that full bans and fees are more effective than partial bans, which often include exemptions for thicker plastic bags.
Experts, including Anna Papp from MIT and environmental scientist Dr. Zoie Diana, confirm that these policies reliably lead to a decrease in plastic bag litter.
Plastic bag regulations are gaining global popularity, with over 100 countries implementing them and 175 countries discussing a global plastics treaty, while in the US, 11 states and over 200 counties have adopted such measures.

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Map reveals states polluted with toxin that may cause autism... do you live in one?
Map reveals states polluted with toxin that may cause autism... do you live in one?

Daily Mail​

timean hour ago

  • Daily Mail​

Map reveals states polluted with toxin that may cause autism... do you live in one?

California and Oregon are America's hotspots for dangerous air toxins that may lead to autism, a study suggests. Researchers at Washington University of St Louis collected 25 years' worth of data on submicron (PM1) air pollution, particles less than one millionth of a meter wide and one-sixth the size of human blood cells. While scientists have long tracked the health effects of its cousin fine particulate matter (PM2.5), emitted in the air via fossil fuels, PM1 has largely flown under the scientific radar. Though little-known, PM1 has been shown to increase the risk of heart attacks, lung cancer and dementia. Health agencies are reportedly conducting a series of studies to find out if environmental pollution can lead to autism, which has surged in the US over the last two decades. In the new study, a map reveals concentrations of PM1 were highest in the Los Angeles, Phoenix and Portland areas, along with parts of Idaho, New Mexico and Texas. Less densely populated states without crowded cities, such as Colorado, Montana, Utah and Wyoming had the smallest concentrations. The researchers did not provide exact numbers, but the data suggests larger cities in the western US along the west coast and south are the most at risk of harmful pollutants like PM1. They also said the new report could be one of the first to look specifically at PM1. Jay Turner, study co-author, said: 'When EPA first promulgated a fine PM air quality standard in 1997, there was considerable discussion about regulating PM 1 or PM 2.5. 'For numerous reasons, including but not limited to the lack of health impact studies for PM1 compared to studies for PM2.5, the latter was chosen. 'This study provides a comprehensive, nationwide dataset to examine PM1 impacts on health.' California, which had higher concentrations of PM1, also has one of the highest rates of autism in the country, according to the CDC's latest data. An April report from the agency found one in 19 children in California have been diagnosed with autism, 48 percent higher than one in 31 nationwide. However, the report only looked at children ages four through eight, so it's unclear how many older children and teens were diagnosed. Nationwide, autism rates have surged from about one in 150 in the early 2000s. Health secretary Robert F Kennedy Jr announced earlier this year a series of studies that will look into 'environmental toxins' he believes could be causes, including pesticides and food additives, and promised 'there will be an answer for the American people' by September. Particulate matter has been shown in recent studies to raise the risk of autism by triggering inflammation in nerve tissue and possibly passing from mom to placenta to fetus in utero. In the new study, published Monday in The Lancet Planetary Health, researchers calculated PM1 levels based on measuring seven components found in PM2.5: sulphate, ammonium, nitrate, organic matter, black carbon, dust and sea salt. These pollutants can come from natural disasters like volcanic eruptions, wildfires and dust storms, as well as human-generated sources like construction sites, burning fossil fuels and vehicle emissions. Chi Li, first study author and research assistant professor, said: 'Putting the seven species together, we can calculate the total PM1 concentration over the country.' PM1 levels were calculated based on biweekly estimates from 1998 through 2022. In addition to areas like California and Oregon, parts of the Midwest and eastern US like Illinois, Ohio and Pennsylvania also appeared to have higher concentrations of PM1, according to the map. The researchers said natural disasters like wildfires may have contributed to elevated levels. A 2020 study found the area burned by wildfires in California has doubled in the last 20 years compared to the two decades before that. More urban areas like Los Angeles and Portland also produce more PM1 due to higher traffic, construction and a greater concentration of densely packed buildings. Randall Martin, a professor of energy environmental and chemical engineering at WashU, said: 'These data offer new information to advance understanding of how to improve air quality and health.'

Doctors issue warning as common sleep habit is linked to risk of early death in major study
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time4 hours ago

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Doctors issue warning as common sleep habit is linked to risk of early death in major study

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Elio, review: Pixar's voyage to space is refreshingly weird
Elio, review: Pixar's voyage to space is refreshingly weird

Telegraph

time6 hours ago

  • Telegraph

Elio, review: Pixar's voyage to space is refreshingly weird

Elio is an agreeable junior space odyssey that's a safe bet for families in the run-up to the summer holidays, even if it's not destined to be a Pixar film for the ages. You can pick all sorts of holes in it here and there – a game for restless adults, maybe. But plenty of younger viewers will be spirited away with no complaints. Whatever the teething troubles that made its budget soar to $300 million, the film has at least been shepherded up to par. While it's unlikely to do a fraction of the $1.7 billion business Pixar's Inside Out 2 managed last year, it has a refreshingly zany take on one boy's all-consuming hobby. Elio (voiced by Yonas Asuncion Kibreab) is a recently orphaned 11-year-old, who feels lonely, despite all the best efforts of the aunt (Zoe Saldaña) who's raising him. A bit of a nerdy cipher, he seems to be somewhere on the spectrum. He's not the first neurodivergent character from this studio (take Dory in Finding Nemo), but feels a few drafts away from being as endearing as those others. If that difference is, in a sense, his 'superpower' – as this film suggests – it's puzzling how little he gets to flex it. His one solace is being obsessed with space, and he yearns for some connection in the cold reaches of the universe: life on Earth has simply not panned out the way he wants. Miraculously, his prayers are answered, well beyond making radio contact with alien civilisations. An intergalactic parliament zaps him into their midst and considers him for an ambassadorial post – gullible enough to believe he's Earth's leader, simply because he tells them so. The odd bods in this council owe much to the wibbly senators in Star Wars. There's a playful dash of Douglas Adams ' absurdity there, too. When they refuse to elect a warmongering bully named Lord Grigon (Brad Garrett), he declares Armageddon and only Elio has the guts to enter into peace talks. Grigon wears a giant armoured carapace and wields cannons, but inside looks like a tardigrade, much like his chubby son Glordon (Remy Edgerly), who dreads the day he's supposed to strap in and become a feared war machine like his dad. The oddity of Elio is that this subplot is quite a lot more touching than the hero's journey. A father-son reconciliation between these piglet-sized space slugs is the one thing in danger of moistening the eye. The film is too scattershot to be high-end Pixar. It tries to add jeopardy with a breakneck voyage through flying debris in space, a sequence that feels arbitrarily inserted. Still, this vision of the cosmos is goofy enough to keep your youngsters beguiled for 90 minutes.

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