UAE: Can chewing gum cause cancer? Experts talk about health risks
Chewing gum is a popular choice for many, whether it's for fresh breath, a quick energy boost, or stress relief. But with concerns over the safety of some ingredients, one question often comes up: Can chewing gum cause cancer?
Khaleej Times spoke to several experts about this, and the response was clear: There is no direct evidence linking chewing gum to cancer.
However, certain ingredients commonly found in gum could pose health risks. 'Chewing gum itself isn't dangerous, but some ingredients used in manufacturing it have been studied, especially when consumed in large quantities over time,' said Prof Humaid Al Shamsi, medical oncologist and CEO of Burjeel Cancer Institute.
Ingredients raising health concerns
Experts have pointed out a few substances that could be health risks:
Aspartame: A sweetener often found in gum. Some animal studies have suggested a possible link between aspartame and cancers like leukemia or lymphoma. However, human studies haven't confirmed this. 'While global health organisations like the FDA and WHO consider aspartame safe in normal amounts, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified it as a 'possible carcinogen' based on limited animal data,' explained Prof Al Shamsi.
Sorbitol and Xylitol: These sugar alcohols are used in sugar-free gum. 'While they're generally safe, consuming large amounts can cause digestive issues like bloating or diarrhoea. However, there is no cancer risk linked to these ingredients,' said Prof Al Shamsi.
Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT): This preservative is used to extend the shelf life of gum. Some animal studies have raised concerns about its possible carcinogenic effects, but human studies haven't found any major risks. Regulatory agencies like the FDA consider BHT safe in low levels. "Due to public concern, many gum brands have chosen to eliminate BHT from their products," said Dr Annu Susan George, consultant medical oncology at Medcare Royal Specialty Hospital.
Titanium Dioxide: Used as a whitening agent in some gums, titanium dioxide is considered safe by many health authorities. 'However, the IARC has classified it as a possible carcinogen when inhaled in large amounts—though this concern is more relevant for industrial exposure rather than chewing gum,' said Dr George.
Are these ingredients dangerous?
While some ingredients have found to have caused harm in animal studies, human trials haven't found a clear link to cancer. 'There is no strong evidence directly linking chewing gum to cancer, but certain ingredients have raised concerns,' said Prof Al Shamsi.
Dr Yasir Shafi, a homeopathy practitioner at Wellth, agrees that while some substances in gum might pose potential risks, the evidence remains inconclusive. He advises caution with ingredients like BHT and titanium dioxide, though they are generally considered safe in moderation.
Health benefits of chewing gum
Aside from cancer concerns, chewing gum can have both positive and negative effects on your health according to Prof Al Shamsi and Dr Shafi:
Oral health: Sugar-free gum, particularly those containing xylitol, can help reduce the risk of cavities by increasing saliva production, which neutralizes acids in the mouth.
Focus and stress relief: Many people find that chewing gum helps improve concentration and reduce anxiety.
Negative effects
Jaw strain: Excessive chewing can cause jaw pain and lead to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders.
Digestive issues: Gum with sugar alcohols like sorbitol can cause bloating and gas when eaten in large amounts.
Tooth decay: Chewing sugary gum can contribute to tooth decay over time.
Advice for gum chewers
If you're a regular gum chewer, experts suggest moderation and making informed choices. Prof Al Shamsi recommends opting for sugar-free gum, which is less likely to cause tooth decay, but advises against excessive chewing as it can strain your jaw.
Dr Shafi also advises checking labels and avoiding gums with controversial ingredients like BHT or artificial sweeteners. 'It's important to balance gum chewing with a healthy lifestyle and avoid overconsumption,' said Dr Shafi.
Experts also highlighted that those with specific health conditions, such as digestive issues, should avoid gums containing sorbitol or xylitol. Pregnant women and children should also be cautious, especially with gums that contain large amounts of artificial sweeteners.
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