Brave Chinese voices have begun to question the hype around AI

Against the odds, some in China are questioning the top-down push to get aboard the artificial intelligence (AI) hype bandwagon. In a tightly controlled media environment where these experts can easily be drowned out, it's important to listen to them.
Across the US and Europe, loud voices inside and outside the tech industry are urging caution about AI's rapid acceleration, pointing to labour market threats or more catastrophic risks. But in China, this chorus has been largely muted. Until now.
Also Read: Parmy Olson: The DeepSeek AI revolution has a security problem
China has the highest global share of people who say AI tools have more benefits than drawbacks, and they've shown an eagerness to embrace it. It's hard to overstate the exuberance in the tech sector since the emergence of DeepSeek's market-moving reasoning model earlier this year. Innovations and updates have been unfurling at breakneck speed and the technology is being widely adopted across the country. But not everyone's on board.
Publicly, state-backed media has lauded the widespread adoption of DeepSeek across hundreds of hospitals in China. But a group of medical researchers tied to Tsinghua University published a paper in the medical journal JAMA in late April gently questioning if this was happening 'too fast, too soon."
It argued that healthcare institutions are facing pressure from 'social media discourse" to implement DeepSeek in order to not appear 'technologically backward." Doctors are increasingly reporting patients who 'present DeepSeek-generated treatment recommendations and insist on adherence to these AI-formulated care plans." The team argued that as much as AI has shown potential to help in the medical field, this rushed rollout carries risks. They are right to be cautious.
Also Read: The agentic AI revolution isn't the future, it's already here
It's not just the doctors who are raising doubts. A separate paper from AI scientists at the same university found last month that some of the breakthroughs behind reasoning models—including DeepSeek's R1, as well as similar offerings from Western tech giants—may not be as revolutionary as some have claimed. They found that the novel training method used for this new crop 'is not as powerful as previously believed." The method used to power them 'doesn't enable the model to solve problems that the base model can't solve," one of the scientists added.
This means the innovations underpinning what has been widely dubbed as the next step—toward achieving so-called Artificial General Intelligence—may not be as much of a leap as some had hoped. This research from Tsinghua holds extra weight: The institution is one of the pillars of the domestic AI scene, long churning out both keystone research and ambitious startup founders.
Another easily overlooked word of warning came from a speech by Zhu Songchun, dean of the Beijing Institute for General Artificial Intelligence, linked to Peking University. Zhu said that for the nation to remain competitive, it needs more substantive research and less laudatory headlines, according to an in-depth English-language analysis of his remarks published by the independent China Media Project.
These cautious voices are a rare break from the broader narrative. But in a landscape where the deployment of AI has long been government priority, it makes them especially noteworthy.
The more President Xi Jinping signals that embracing AI technology is important, the less likely people are to publicly question it. This can lead to less overt forms of backlash, like social media hashtags on Weibo poking fun at chatbots' errors. Or it can result in data centres quietly sitting unused across the country as local governments race to please Beijing—as well as a mountain of PR stunts.
Also Read: AI as infrastructure: India must develop the right tech
Perhaps the biggest headwind facing the sector, despite the massive amounts of spending, is that AI still hasn't altered the earnings outlooks at most of the Chinese tech firms. The money can't lie.
This doesn't mean that AI in China is just propaganda. The conflict extends far beyond its tech sector—US firms are also guilty of getting carried away promoting the technology.
But multiple things can be true at once. It's undeniable that DeepSeek has fuelled new excitement, research and major developments across the AI ecosystem. But it's also been used as a distraction from the domestic macro-economic pains that predated the ongoing trade war.
Without guard-rails, the risk of rushing out the technology is greater than just investors losing money—people's health is at stake. From Hangzhou to Silicon Valley, the more we ignore the voices questioning the AI hype bandwagon, the more we blind ourselves to consequences of a potential derailment. ©Bloomberg
The author is a Bloomberg Opinion columnist covering Asia tech.

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This final phase envisions AI systems with fully developed cognitive abilities - machines that can think, reason, and make decisions with the same depth and nuance as human consciousness, potentially surpassing human intellectual capabilities. Absolute Intelligence would mark the point where artificial systems achieve genuine understanding rather than sophisticated mimicry. These systems would possess creativity, intuition, and the ability to grapple with abstract concepts in ways that current AI cannot. Small Language Models: The Future Architecture Contrary to the current trend towards ever-larger models, the future may belong to Small Language Models (SLMs). These more efficient, specialized systems could prove more practical and powerful than their data-hungry predecessors. Small Language Models offer several advantages over massive LLMs: reduced computational requirements, faster processing, greater customization for specific tasks, and the ability to run locally rather than requiring cloud infrastructure. As AI becomes more integrated into daily life, these characteristics will prove increasingly valuable. The shift toward SLMs reflects a maturation of the field - moving from brute-force approaches that require enormous resources toward elegant, efficient solutions that deliver superior performance with less overhead. The Way Forward Rather than dwelling on dystopian scenarios, the AI revolution presents an opportunity to thoughtfully shape the next decade of technological development. The progression from today's data-driven systems through AGI to Absolute Intelligence won't happen overnight. However, the key lies in recognizing that we're not approaching an endpoint but rather embarking on a carefully planned journey. Each phase of AI development builds upon the previous one, creating opportunities to refine our approach, establish ethical frameworks, and ensure that artificial intelligence helps humans. As we stand at this inflection point, the question isn't whether AI will transform our world - it's how we'll guide that transformation. The next ten years will determine whether we harness these emerging capabilities to solve pressing global challenges, enhance human potential, and create a more prosperous future for all. The age of true artificial intelligence is still ahead of us. What we're witnessing today is merely the opening chapter of a much larger story - one that we have the power to write thoughtfully and purposefully. All said and done, the world needs a responsible AI that can enhance our quality of life in all spheres and spaces. That's the bottom line. (Krishna Kumar is a technology explorer & strategist based in Austin, Texas in the US. Rakshitha Reddy is AI developer based in Atlanta, US)