
Transplant recipients and other immunocompromised people worry about measles exposure
TORONTO - Laurie Miller, a 59-year-old heart transplant patient exposed to measles in Stratford, Ont., says her story speaks to the risks people who are immunocompromised face during an outbreak.
She brought her husband to the emergency room in mid-March after an all-terrain vehicle accident. Their local public health unit called a few days later saying a patient with measles had been in the emergency room too.
Miller was at the hair salon she works at in a retirement home when she got the call. Though she's born before 1970, a cohort Health Canada says likely acquired natural immunity to measles, the public health official told her to leave immediately and quarantine at home.
Her public health unit Huron Perth has seen more than 120 cases since an outbreak began in October. Public Health Ontario said Thursday the total number of cases reported in the province has surpassed 1,000, with 95 new cases since last week. Alberta's case count was 122 as of Wednesday, with the province noting 14 were 'known to be communicable,' while Quebec declared its outbreak over earlier this week.
People who are immunocompromised cannot get immunized against measles because the vaccine contains a live attenuated virus, a weakened version of the virus that teaches the body how to fight the disease, because it could infect a weakened immune system.
'There's so many of us out there that are immunocompromised. It's not just heart, it's liver, it's lung, it's people that have cancer. They're doing chemo. There's people with heart failure,' Miller says.
Dr. Deepali Kumar, director of the Ajmera Transplant Centre at Toronto's University Health Network, says last time Ontario had a measles outbreak this big – before the disease was eliminated in Canada in 1988 – there were far fewer immunocompromised people.
Research published in JAMA in February showed the rate of immunosuppression in 2021 was an estimated 6.6 per cent among adults in the United States, compared to 2.7 per cent in 2013. The paper says the increase may be due to an increase in immunosuppressive medications available to patients.
Similarly, Kumar estimates about four to six per cent of the Canadian population is immunocompromised to some degree in part because of medical advances in immunosuppressants.
'We haven't had so much measles circulating when we've had so many people that are immunocompromised,' Kumar says.
'It's a bit of a new era.'
This new era has led researchers to re-examine how to protect this population.
On March 14, the day after she was notified of exposure, Miller drove to Toronto General Hospital, as advised by the team of health providers who manage her care. She received an intravenous infusion of immunoglobulin therapy containing antibodies from donated human blood to provide immediate short-term protection against measles.
She hasn't gotten sick, but given it's one of the most contagious diseases in the world – one person with measles can infect nine out of 10 of their unvaccinated close contacts, according to the World Health Organization – she's been cautious.
At a crowded grocery store over the weekend, Miller says she left feeling uncomfortable.
'It does stop you from doing things,' she says.
Kumar says she is concerned about immunocompromised people who are exposed, but don't make it to a doctor in time, the way Miller did. She says there's a six-day window post exposure that immunoglobulin can be given.
'Measles is a virus that can attack many parts of the body, it can attack the lungs, the brain. And so in the most severe cases, and if you're immunocompromised, then the chances of having the severe form of the virus increases,' says Kumar.
For Steff Di Pardo, a 29-year-old Mississauga resident diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis, a form of arthritis and autoimmune disease, that's been a scary reality.
The medical infusions she receives every eight weeks to manage chronic back and pelvic pain helps slow down the progression of the disease, but it also makes her immunocompromised.
As a result, she says she's always aware of her surroundings and wears a mask, but recently, that awareness has been heightened as measles has circulated.
Janna Shapiro, a post-doctoral fellow at the Centre for Vaccine Preventable Diseases affiliated with the University of Toronto, is researching the risk of live vaccines for immunocompromised patients in the current climate of a measles resurgence.
'That risk-benefit may be a little bit different than it was five or 10 years ago,' says Shapiro, suggesting the area deserves a re-examination.
She's trying to understand if the immune system of children with leukemia is strong enough to protect them from a weakened version of the virus in the vaccine. Shapiro is also looking at other groups, such as kids treated with a new group of drugs called biologics for inflammatory bowel disease, that she says didn't exist or did not exist to this scale before measles was eliminated in Canada.
'We're trying to understand this and understand how to strategize and best use vaccines as well as other tools to protect these kids. But the reality is that if everybody around them is immunized, then they're much less likely to be exposed.'
This report by The Canadian Press was first published April 25, 2025.
Canadian Press health coverage receives support through a partnership with the Canadian Medical Association. CP is solely responsible for this content.

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10 best and worst deli meats you can buy at grocery stores in Canada, ranked by a nutrition coach: Turkey breast, ham, roast beef and other popular meats
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10 best and worst deli meats you can buy at grocery stores in Canada, ranked by a nutrition coach: Turkey breast, ham, roast beef and other popular meats
Deli meats are a convenient go-to for lunches, charcuterie boards and grab-and-go snacks. Some are lean, protein-packed choices that make lunch a little easier. Others are heavy on sodium and saturated fat, with a side of added preservatives. For Canadians navigating the deli counter, it's worth learning the difference between a healthy pick and an ultra-processed one. Health Canada classified deli meats as highly processed foods, and for good reason. Many varieties are packed with salt and preservatives, which have been linked to increased risks of heart disease and colorectal cancer. That doesn't mean you have to give them up entirely, but it does make it important to choose wisely regarding which options deserve a regular spot in your rotation. This article is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Contact a qualified medical professional before engaging in any physical activity, or making any changes to your diet, medication or lifestyle. As a nutrition coach, I know consistently eating balanced meals sometimes means choosing convenience. Deli meats are a super quick source of protein that can help people create more nutritious meals when they're short on time. Here, I've ranked 10 of the most common deli meats found in Canadian grocery stores — like turkey breast, ham, roast beef and Canadian-style bacon — using nutritional breakdowns and official health recommendations to give you a clear picture of what you can safely add to your cart and what might be worth rethinking. Processed meat has been under scrutiny for years. In 2015, the World Health Organization classified processed meats (like bacon, ham and bologna) as Group 1 carcinogens, meaning there's sufficient evidence linking them to colorectal cancer. In response, the Canadian Cancer Society recommended limiting red and processed meat to three servings or fewer per week. But that doesn't mean you have to cut out deli meats completely. You can enjoy them occasionally as part of a balanced diet, especially if you choose leaner, lower-sodium options. The key is to read labels carefully and prioritize minimally processed sources of protein whenever possible. You should also keep an eye on portion sizes to limit your overall exposure to high sodium and fat in processed meats. Health Canada uses 56 g as the serving size for sliced meats like turkey, chicken, ham, and roast beef, which is about two slices of typically sized deli meats. Claims you see on the front of deli meat packaging like "natural," "nitrate-free" or "artisan" aren't regulated in Canada. Instead, check the Nutrition Facts table and ingredients list. Here's what to aim for: Protein: At least 8 to 10 g per 56 g serving Sodium: Preferably under 500 mg per serving (Canada's recommended sodium limit is 2,300 mg/day) Fat: Lean options will have 2 g or less per serving Ingredient list: Shorter is better. Look for real cuts of meat ("turkey breast" or "top round") over vague blends ("mechanically separated meats"). To create this list, I started with Canada's most common and popular deli-style meats — turkey, chicken, ham and roast beef — and added a few popular extras like prosciutto, back bacon and Montreal smoked meat. Each meat was ranked using: Nutrition per 56 g serving: Protein, fat and sodium Processing level: Is it oven-roasted, cured, smoked or ultra-processed? Health guidelines: from Health Canada, Heart & Stroke Foundation and the Canadian Cancer Society Health Canada recommended limiting highly processed foods and keeping sodium intake under 2,300 mg per day. The Canadian Cancer Society also advised eating no more than three servings of red or processed meat per week. These guidelines shaped the cutoff points I used in this ranking. Per 56 g (about two slices): Calories: 56 Protein: 12 g Fat: 0.3 g (Saturated: 0.06 g) Sodium: 431 mg Carbohydrates: 1.1 g Turkey is a popular protein (Canadians spent about $466 million on turkey in 2024). It's lean, relatively low in fat and delivers a decent protein hit per serving. The ultra-lean turkey option from Schneider's is low in fat and sugar, high in protein and made with straightforward ingredients. Its sodium is moderate compared to most deli options. For health-conscious shoppers, this is a consistent front-runner. Per 56 g (about three slices): Calories: 56 Protein: 9 g Fat: 1.4 g (Saturated: 0.35 g) Sodium: 438 mg Carbohydrates: 0.9 g Chicken is the most popular meat in Canada by a landslide, but hasn't been a top choice as a deli meat until more recently. Chicken is a great deli option since it's more nutritionally balanced than other cuts. Olymel's version is nitrite-free, sans preservatives and contains solid lean protein, minimal fat and moderate sodium. It's a reliable choice if you want to avoid preservatives, and its flavour is neutral enough to include in sandwiches or wraps. Per 56 g (about eight to nine slices): Calories: 58 Protein: 12 g Fat: 1.1 g (Saturated: 0.6 g) Sodium: 464 mg Carbohydrates: 1.1 g Red meat has a bad rap, and while it's best to limit your overall intake, lean cuts will give you a hefty serving of protein with minimal fat, plus iron and vitamin B12. A grocery store staple, Maple Leaf's Natural Selections Roast Beef, is gluten- and nitrite-free, made from natural ingredients and has a clean, lean protein profile. With about 12 grams of protein and just over 1 gram of fat per serving, it'll help keep you full with moderate sodium. 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It would make a killer sandwich paired with veggies and honey mustard on high-fibre bread. But sodium is still an issue at 20 per cent of your daily recommended amount in a 56 g serving. Choose this for extra flavour once in a while, but for more frequent bites, substitute lower-sodium cooked turkey. Per 56 g: Calories: 59 Protein: 8 g Fat: 2 g (Saturated: 0.66 g) Sodium: 421mmg Carbohydrates: 2 g (Sugars: 1 g) Peameal bacon — what non-Canadians ironically call Canadian bacon — is a leaner alternative to traditional bacon, and Lou's version holds up relatively well. It's low in fat and calories, but sodium still climbs to nearly 30 per cent of the daily limit in a single serving, which is 85 g (two slices), according to the package. Stick closer to a 56 g serving, or go with a single slice to limit your sodium intake. Per 56 g (about two slices): Calories: 61 Protein: 8 g Fat: 3 g (Saturated: 1 g) Sodium: 479 mg Carbohydrates: 1 g No Canadian deli meat list would be complete without Montreal-style smoked meat, used to make the classic sandwich on whole grain rye with mustard or paired with sauerkraut and Swiss cheese in a Reuben. M&M Food Market Montreal Smoked Meat gets high praise from customers for its tenderness and authentic flavour. Although it's not overly salty and less processed than salami and many cured meats, it's still moderately high in fat and sodium. It has a decent amount of protein from lean brisket, but its preparation means it's best positioned midway in the list as an occasional protein swap for sandwiches or charcuterie. Per 56 g: Calories: 78 Protein: 10 g Fat: 4 g (Saturated: 2 g) Sodium: 493 mg Carbohydrates: 0.6 g (Sugars: 0.6 g) Traditional kolbassa can be pretty fatty, but this European-style lean ham version from Piller's is higher in protein with moderate fat. The sodium content is respectable for a ham product, but it nearly hits 20 per cent of the daily limit with just 493 g in a 56 g serving (the package serving suggestion is 100 g with 880 mg sodium). The ingredient list is traditional, though it includes nitrates. Try pairing a small portion with extra veggies to balance sodium intake. Per 56 g (about three to four slices): Calories: 134 Protein: 16 g Fat: 8 g (Saturated: 3 g) Sodium: 986 mg Carbohydrates: 1 g (Sugars: 0 g) San Daniele is a brand owned by Ontario-based company Sofina Foods, which makes a range of authentic Italian charcuterie meats. This juniper-scented smoked prosciutto is rich in flavour, blending Italian salt-curing with Central European smoking. It's high in sodium, though — nearly 1,000 mg per 56 g serving — and moderately fatty. A little goes a long way, making it better suited to charcuterie boards in small portions (the package suggests 30 g) with fresh fruit, greens or whole grains to balance the saltiness. Per 56 g (about 10 to 11 slices): Calories: 224 Protein: 15 g Fat: 17 g (Saturated: 6.5 g) Sodium: 653 mg Carbohydrates 1.9 g (Sugars: 0 g) For a deli salami, this German-style option from Schneider's edges out other brands with its higher protein and slightly less sodium content than other brands. Still, it's high in fat and saturated fat, which places it near the bottom of the health rankings. Enjoy this one occasionally or pair it in small amounts (the suggested serving size is 30 g) with high-fiber, low-sodium ingredients like whole grain crackers or crisp vegetables.