Ministry of Health's guide to spotting a sickle cell crisis early
Sickle Cell Anaemia is a hereditary blood disorder where the red blood cells, instead of being round and flexible, become crescent or 'sickle' shaped. These abnormal cells block blood flow and reduce oxygen delivery to various parts of the body, causing sudden and painful episodes known as Sickle Cell Crises. As per the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, early identification of sickle cell crisis symptoms can save lives. This genetic disorder is more common in certain tribal and rural communities of India, and recognizing the warning signs is crucial for timely medical intervention.advertisementWHAT TRIGGERS A SICKLE CELL CRISIS?Sickle cell crises can be triggered by:InfectionsDehydrationSudden changes in temperatureHigh altitudesStressPhysical exertionThese crises often result in complications that need urgent medical attention.SIGNS TO IDENTIFY A SICKLE CELL CRISISThe Ministry outlines the following major symptoms:HAND-FOOT SYNDROMEOne of the earliest signs in infants and children is swelling and pain in the hands and feet. This happens due to sickled cells blocking blood flow in small vessels of the extremities.ACUTE CHEST SYNDROMEThis life-threatening condition mimics pneumonia and includes symptoms such as:Sudden chest painCoughFeverShortness of breathIt can occur due to infection or blocked blood vessels in the lungs and demands immediate hospitalization.REDUCED VISION OR VISUAL DISTURBANCESThe abnormal shape of sickle cells can affect tiny blood vessels in the eyes, leading to vision problems or even permanent loss of sight if untreated.advertisementIn severe cases, the crisis may restrict blood flow to the brain, resulting in a stroke. Symptoms include:Sudden weakness or numbnessDifficulty in speakingSeizuresLoss of consciousnessThis is considered a medical emergency in children and adults.WHO IS MOST AT RISK?Sickle cell anaemia is inherited, meaning both parents must pass on the defective gene. Communities in states like:ChhattisgarhOdishaMaharashtraMadhya PradeshGujaratJharkhandHave higher reported cases, particularly among Scheduled Tribes (STs).HOW IS IT DIAGNOSED?The disease can be diagnosed through a simple blood test:Newborn ScreeningHaemoglobin ElectrophoresisGenetic testing (for carrier identification)Early diagnosis helps in better management and prevents long-term complications.LIFESTYLE & PREVENTIVE TIPSWhile there is no universal cure yet (except for bone marrow transplant in specific cases), these steps help reduce crisis frequency:Stay well-hydratedAvoid extreme temperaturesTake prescribed medications like hydroxyureaPrevent infections through vaccinationRegular health check-upsGOVERNMENT INTERVENTION & SUPPORTUnder the National Sickle Cell Anaemia Elimination Mission, the Government of India is taking proactive steps:Free screening camps in tribal regionsAwareness programs in schools and communitiesGenetic counseling before marriageDistribution of folic acid and medicines at primary health centersSickle Cell Anaemia may be a lifelong condition, but awareness, early diagnosis, and proper care can significantly improve quality of life. The Ministry's efforts aim not just at treatment, but at elimination of the disease through early screening and public education.
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