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National Living Wage lift is not without cost to some workers and economy

National Living Wage lift is not without cost to some workers and economy

Yahoo01-04-2025

The first of April marks the turn of the financial year as well as Fool's Day, but the cost of living increases arriving this month are no joke.
Combined water, energy, council tax and communications bills are rising almost £450 for average households, more of a gut punch than a punchline for already stretched households.
The increase is largely driven by a long-delayed correction in water bills and energy price fluctuations, but there is some consolation on the other side of the ledger, with household incomes also rising across the board, a trend ministers are predictably seeking to highlight.
Money latest: Most household bills rising today
Pensioners have become used to the triple-lock delivering income growth and this year's 4.1% settlement amounts to an additional £471 a year for those on the new state pension.
Wages more generally, meanwhile, have been rising faster than inflation for almost two years, and were running at 5.6% in January (though individual pay packets are determined by employers).
The most impactful change however is to the National Living Wage (NLW), up 6.7% this month, worth £1,386 a year more to someone working a 40-hour week, who can now pull down an annual salary of more than £23,000.
The NLW is one of the more strikingly effective public policy interventions of the last 30 years.
Backed by governments of all stripes (as popular measures that cost the state nothing tend to be) it has delivered more money to young and lower-paid workers without causing the unemployment spike of which some warned when it was introduced in 1998.
Guided by the Low Pay Commission, it last year achieved the goal for which it was established, to lift the minimum wage to two-thirds of the median salary.
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That is not to say it is without cost. The increases are a burden to employers, one that is felt more keenly this year with the imminent halving of the employer national insurance threshold increasing annual costs by more than £700 per-NLW employee.
There are also pressures further up the pay scale, with wage "compression" requiring employers to pay everyone more, as lower earners close the gap on their more senior peers.
Economists warn there is also a danger that higher wages disincentivise companies from taking a risk on younger and traditionally cheaper workers, and instead target the experienced and already employed.
There is also the question of what it means for graduates, who will emerge from higher education with improved long-term prospects, but laden with debt and looking at starting salaries not a lot higher than they may have earned in their part-time summer jobs.

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'So to be masters of the whole supply chain from the trees in the ground right the way through the product in the glass is really special, and we love to share that with people.' Chris agrees: 'You have to diversify. The government grants for small producers aren't readily available, and it's always felt like we've had to look after ourselves. That's why we love getting people here to see what we're doing - but the hand-picked apples from the orchard are always at the heart of everything.' So Dunham Apples are either a beautiful exception to the decline in orcharding or a reminder of just how hard you have to work to keep an orchard running as a business. Probably a bit of both, in reality. While Chris and Alison Hewitt are rightly proud of their varieties, there is also a wider concern that the dramatic decline in orchards, coupled with the narrowing of choice in supermarkets, will ultimately lead to the loss of traditional varieties. That's certainly one reason the National Trust at Cotehele in Cornwall developed its own Mother Orchard. 'There has always been a tradition of orchards in the Tamar valley,' says head gardener David Bouch, 'which built into a significant collection of apples here. So we worked with a local couple who spent literally a lifetime gathering together varieties thought to be lost or endangered, and set about securing some land to plant an orchard; we have about 125 varieties now. They include the Cornish Honeypinnick, Limberlimb, Pig's Nose and Lemon Pippin. The National Trust was still propagating in 2006 and, even though, as Bouch admits, it's a 'relatively early orchard,' what they've already achieved is hugely important. 'We actually select a number of historic varieties which people can then come and graft on to a rootstock so they can take away their own apple tree,' he says. They also hold blossom walks, apple tastings, pressing demos and wassailing at Cotehele. But it's the conversations that arise at these events that really tell Bouch his work matters. 'It's surprising how many people reminisce about orchards in their villages, on the edges of their estates, or in areas they remember growing up. There is certainly recognition of orchards being lost, and why they're such magical places. 'Yes, the apples in September are amazing, but actually that's such a small part of the point of an orchard. You see people slow down when they come here; they're looking at the apple trees but also the richness of habitats and the diversity of fruits. You can't just measure an orchard by the two tons of apples you might get in the autumn. There's a social and environmental impact to them too.' Which brings us back to the original work of the People's Trust for Endangered Species, who have been sounding the alarm on traditional orchard decline for 20 years. Steve Oram, their orchard biodiversity officer, is now building a project called 100 Orchards, aiming to bring landowners together in clusters to conserve orchards on the brink of disrepair – or worse, at risk of being ripped out altogether. 'It's early days, but if we are able to get these orchards productive with wide varieties of fruit, then if they're managed together and bring in local volunteers and expertise, there could be a way forward for orchards that doesn't rely on a single farmer grappling with a financially difficult situation.' Which, of course, means the biodiversity is also retained. 'Yes, and these places that people have often been walking through and enjoying for hundreds of years will remain,' he says. 'Obviously at PTES it's the loss of habitats we focus on in particular, but it's the whole intangible culture that goes with orcharding that we really want to see maintained.' Broaden your horizons with award-winning British journalism. 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