Inside the labs on the frontline in the battle against one of the world's deadliest diseases – as it reaches Europe

A SWARM of blood-sucking mosquitoes encircle me, buzzing around my face.
I'm perched on a bed in a tin-roofed shed and the only barrier to the outside world is a mozzie net filled with holes.
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Sun Health's Isabel Shaw behind a mosquito net at the Ifakara Institute
Credit: © Malaria no More UK/Jordi Matas
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Dr Brian Tarimo carrying out research at the Ifakara Health Institute in Tanzania
Credit: © Malaria no More UK/Jordi Matas
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Studies can aid the ever-growing threat posed by mosquitoes across the globe
Credit: © Malaria no More UK/Jordi Matas
I'm at the Ifakara Health Institute, in rural Tanzania, Africa, nestled among towering palms.
Here, British and African scientists work in converted shipping containers on the front line in the battle against deadly malaria.
Deaths from the infection have been rising. There were 620,000 victims in 2022, up from 560,000 a decade ago — most of them African children under five, according to the World Health Organisation.
After years of progress, with global deaths down from 1.8million in 2004, warmer temperatures, war and Covid-19 pandemic restrictions have fuelled a resurgence of the disease.
The WHO says 249 million cases were reported globally in 2022, up from 233 million in 2019.
Europe was declared malaria-free by the WHO in 2015, but now its threat is edging closer again.
'Smile hides heartbreak'
Malaria-carrying mosquitoes have reached southern Europe, and medical cases of affected holidaymakers coming into Britain are at their highest level in more than 20 years, with 2,106 cases in 2023.
Symptoms are flu-like, but severe cases can be fatal.
People who haven't been regularly exposed to malaria, like those in Europe, don't have the same immunity as those in Africa
Dr Dickson Wilson Lwetoijera, principal research scientist at the institute, tells Sun Health their work could have far-reaching consequences for the whole world.
He says: 'With global travel and population movement, there's every chance the disease could spread to new regions — if that happens in Europe, the consequences could be serious.
Malaria No More UK's campaign film featuring David Beckham
'People who haven't been regularly exposed to malaria, like those in Europe, don't have the same immunity as those in Africa who have lived with the disease for some time, so the risk of severe illness or death is much higher.'
In Tanzania, it's as prevalent as the common cold, but that doesn't erase the devastation this disease has brought to families.
In a dusty neighbourhood in Dar es Salaam, a few hours from Ifakara, I meet Jamima Charles Abel.
She welcomes me into her home — a tiny space along a narrow, muddy street shared by several families. Her smile hides the heartbreak her family has endured.
Her son Eric Daniel Richard, 24, 'loved people', Jamima tells me. He was a hard worker at a local business, supp­orting his family des­pite having moved out.
One day last December, he developed flu-like symptoms. Within 24 hours, he was gone.
Jamima, 44, is terrified for her other two children. Just last month, her 17-year-old son caught malaria but has since recovered.
The infection is caused by a parasite called Plasmodium, which is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected female mosquitoes.
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Europe was declared malaria-free by the WHO in 2015, but now its threat is edging closer again
Credit: Getty
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Drones are being used to find and dismantle mosquito breeding grounds
Credit: © Malaria no More UK/Jordi Matas
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An insectary at the institute in Tanzania helps researchers fight against the spread of malaria
Credit: © Malaria no More UK/Jordi Matas
Male mosquitoes don't bite and are therefore harmless. When an infected mosquito bites a person, the parasite enters the bloodstream and infiltrates red blood cells.
Genetically engineered mosquitoes
The Plasmodium par­asite is adept at evading the immune system. It means a vaccine, which seems like the simplest option, is far from straightforward.
So scientists are work­ing on other ­cutting-edge solutions.
A team from Imperial College London, in partnership with a team at Ifakara, has genetically engineered mosquitoes resistant to the malaria parasite.
It's hoped these mozzies will be released into the wild within eight years, dominating and repopulating areas within a few months.
'This is the first malaria-fighting technology that doesn't rely on human behaviour,' Dr Lwetoijera explains. 'With our current tools, like bed nets and insecticides, the biggest challenge is compliance.
'People have to use them consistently for them to work, which isn't always possible.' Funding is one of the biggest challenges ­scientists face.
And a huge blow came earlier this year when Donald Trump made abrupt cuts to foreign aid, and Keir Starmer announced plans to slash the overseas aid budget to its lowest level in a generation.
Dr Sarah Moore, who has worked at Ifakara for 20 years, says: 'Every day, the equivalent of four jumbo jets full of children die of malaria in Africa.
'If aid continues to fall as ­predicted, it could rise to five. Because it's Africa, no one cares.'
Among other developments, drones are being used to find and dismantle mosquito breeding grounds in Dar es Salaam, such as stagnant water pools, leafy foliage and shaded areas.
Taking our foot off the gas could lead to a surge, including in new places not ready to fight back
At dusk, when mosquitoes begin to stir, experts knock on the doors of locals to set up traps.
Mwanabibi Kharifa Mohamed, a grandmother and mother of four, is one local taking part.
As Alex Limwagu, a research scientist, sets mosquito traps in the garden, Mwanabibi tells me her children have caught the disease more times than she can count — the family can't afford nets — but it never quells her panic.
'I rush straight to the hospital because I know in two minutes they could die,' she says.
Since the mosquito team arrived this year, Mwanabibi has learned more about protecting her family.
'I used to be ignorant,' she says. 'But Alex taught me how mosquitoes breed and how to protect my children. If malaria disappeared, life would be peaceful.'
The WHO wants to reduce global malaria by 90 per cent by 2030.
It believes the ambitious target is 'achievable' — but not without the dedicated scientists on the ground and the funds to keep them going.
Victoria Fowler, head of UK advocacy at the charity Malaria No More UK, says: 'Taking our foot off the gas could lead to a surge, including in new places not ready to fight back.
We need the Government to back the Global Fund to Fight Malaria at the Spending Review this month.
'Standing behind our scientists is crucial to get back on track to beat this killer, saving hundreds of thousands of children's lives and protecting the British public.'

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Wales Online

5 hours ago

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Time Out

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Scottish Sun

8 hours ago

• Scottish Sun

David ‘Syd' Lawrence dead at 61: First British-born black cricketer to represent England dies after MND battle

Click to share on X/Twitter (Opens in new window) Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window) ENGLAND cricket legend David "Syd" Lawrence has died aged 61 following a battle with motor neurone disease. The ex-Gloucestershire star was the first British-born black cricketer to play for England. Sign up for Scottish Sun newsletter Sign up 3 David 'Syd' Lawrence has died aged 61 Credit: PA 3 Lawrence was diagnosed with motor neurone disease last year Credit: Getty The former fast bowler left an amazing legacy on the sport and was recently awarded an MBE in the King's birthday honours list. Lawrence, who was diagnosed with motor neurone disease last year, was incredibly proud to be honoured. He said last week: "It is not something I ever thought would sit after my name. "I am absolutely delighted that it will do so for however long I am here and will be a part of my legacy when I am gone." Following Lawrence's sad passing, a family statement said: "'Syd' was an inspirational figure on and off the cricket field and no more so than to his family who were with him when he passed." The ECB have paid tribute to Lawrence, calling him a "pioneering" player who left an "indelible mark" on the sport in this country. ECB chair Richard Thompson said: "David 'Syd' Lawrence was a true trailblazer of English cricket and a man of immense courage, character, and compassion. "His impact on the game extended far beyond the boundary ropes. As a fast bowler, he thrilled crowds with his pace and passion. As a leader and advocate, he broke barriers and inspired change, becoming a powerful voice for inclusion and representation in our sport. 3 England stars including Ben Stokes paid tribute to Lawrence Credit: Sky Sports "Even in the face of his illness, David showed extraordinary strength and dignity, continuing to uplift others with his resilience and spirit. He leaves behind a legacy that will endure in the hearts of all who love cricket. "Our thoughts are with his family, friends, and the entire cricketing community at this time." Lawrence played five test matches for England, only for his international career to be brutally cut short by a serious knee injury in 1992. He left an incredible mark on Gloucestershire, playing 280 matches for them over a 16-year span. Lawrence later returned to the club as president in 2022. Paying tribute to their legendary former fast bowler and executive, Gloucestershire wrote: "Gloucestershire Cricket is devastated to learn of the passing of former player and Club President, David 'Syd' Lawrence MBE, aged 61. "Everyone at Gloucestershire Cricket would like to send their best wishes to David's family during this terribly sad time." England star paid tribute to Lawrence ahead of today's match-up with India at Headingley. Stars including Ben Stokes took part in a minute's applause in honour of the cricket icon.