Latest news with #glaciercollapse
CNN
07-06-2025
- Science
- CNN
Mountains are among the planet's most beautiful places. They're also becoming the deadliest
Climate change StormsFacebookTweetLink Follow Jan Beutel was half-watching a live stream of Kleines Nesthorn, a mountain peak in the Swiss Alps, when he realized its cacophony of creaks and rumbles was getting louder. He dropped his work, turned up the sound and found himself unable to look away. 'The whole screen exploded,' he said. Beutel, a computer engineer specializing in mountain monitoring, had just witnessed a glacier collapse. On May 28, an avalanche of millions of tons of ice and rock barreled down the slope, burying Blatten, a centuries-old village nestled in the valley below. Local authorities had already evacuated the village after parts of the mountain had crumbled onto the glacier; a 64-year old man believed to have stayed remains missing. But no one expected an event of this magnitude. Successive rock avalanches onto the glacier increased the pressure on the ice, causing it to melt faster and the glacier to accelerate, eventually destabilizing it and pushing it from its bed. The collapse was sudden, violent and catastrophic. 'This one just left no moment to catch a breath,' Beutel said. The underlying causes will take time to unravel. A collapse of this magnitude would have been set in motion by geological factors going back decades at least, said Matthias Huss, a glaciologist at the Swiss university ETH Zürich. But it's 'likely climate change is involved,' he said, as warming temperatures melt the ice that holds mountains together. It's a problem affecting mountains across the planet. People have long been fascinated with mountains for their dramatic beauty. Some make their homes beneath them — around 1 billion live in mountain communities — others are drawn by adventure, the challenge of conquering peaks. These majestic landscapes have always been dangerous, but as the world warms, they are becoming much more unpredictable and much deadlier. 'We do not fully understand the hazard at the moment, nor how the dangers are changing with climate change,' said David Petley, an Earth scientist at the University of Hull in England. Snowy and icy mountains are inherently sensitive to climate change. Very high mountains are etched with fractures filled with ice — called permafrost — which glues them together. As the permafrost thaws, mountains can become destabilized. 'We are seeing more large rock slope collapses in many mountains as a result,' Petley told CNN. Glaciers are also melting at a terrifyingly rapid rate, especially in regions such as the Alps and the Andes, which face the possibility of a glacier-free future. As these rivers of ancient ice disappear, they expose mountain faces, causing more rocks to fall. There have been several big collapses in the Alps in recent years as ice melts and permafrost thaws. In July 2022, about 64,000 tons of water, rock and ice broke off from the Marmolada Glacier in northern Italy after unusually hot weather caused massive melting. The subsequent ice avalanche killed 11 people hiking a popular trail. In 2023, the peak of Fluchthorn, a mountain on the border between Switzerland and Austria, collapsed as permafrost thawed, sending more than 100,000 cubic meters of rock into the valley below. 'This really seems to be something new. There seems to be a trend in such big events in high mountain areas,' Huss said. Melting glaciers can also form lakes, which can become so full that they burst their banks, sending water and debris cascading down mountainsides. In 2023, a permafrost landslide caused a large glacial lake in Sikkim, India, to break its banks, causing a catastrophic deluge that killed at least 55 people. Last year, a glacial lake outburst caused destructive flooding in Juneau, Alaska — a now regular occurrence for the city. After two years in a row of destructive glacial flooding, Juneau is scrambling to erect temporary flood barriers ahead of the next melting season, the Anchorage Daily News reported this week. As well as melting ice, there's another hazard destabilizing mountains: rain. Extreme precipitation is increasingly falling on mountains as rain instead of snow, said Mohammed Ombadi, an assistant professor at the University of Michigan College of Engineering. His research shows every 1 degree Celsius of global warming increases extreme rainfall events by 15%. This pushes up the risks of flooding, landslides and soil erosion. Northern Hemisphere mountains will become 'hotspots' for extreme rain, Ombadi said. Heavy rainfall this month in Sikkim, a Himalayan state in northern India, triggered a series of landslides, killing at least three people. Images show deep muddy scars carved into the mountain, with buildings and trees obliterated. Scientists do have tools to monitor mountains and warn communities. 'There are fantastic instruments that can predict quite accurately when a rock mass (or) ice mass is going to come down,' Huss said. The difficulty is knowing where to look when a landscape is constantly changing in unpredictable ways. 'This is what climate change actually does… there are more new and previously unrecognized situations,' Huss said. These are particularly hard to deal with in developing countries, which don't have the resources for extensive monitoring. Scientists say the only way to reduce the impact of the climate crisis on mountains is to bring down global temperatures, but some changes are already locked in. 'Even if we manage to stabilize the climate right now, (glaciers) will continue to retreat significantly,' Huss said. Almost 40% of the world's glaciers are already doomed, according to a new study. 'We could have maybe avoided most of (the negative impacts) if we had acted 50 years ago and brought down CO2 emissions. But we failed,' Huss added. The consequences are hitting as the numbers of people living in and visiting mountains increases. 'We're just more exposed than we used to be,' he said. Ludovic Ravanel, an Alpine climber and geomorphologist who focuses on mountains' response to global warming, has a front line view of the increasing dangers of these landscapes. Mountains are the 'most convincing' hotspots of climate change, he told CNN. When he's focused on the science, he keeps his emotions at arm's length. But as a father, and a mountaineer, it hits him. 'I see just how critical the situation is. And even then, we're only at the very beginning.'
CNN
07-06-2025
- Science
- CNN
Mountains are among the planet's most beautiful places. They're also becoming the deadliest
Jan Beutel was half-watching a live stream of Kleines Nesthorn, a mountain peak in the Swiss Alps, when he realized its cacophony of creaks and rumbles was getting louder. He dropped his work, turned up the sound and found himself unable to look away. 'The whole screen exploded,' he said. Beutel, a computer engineer specializing in mountain monitoring, had just witnessed a glacier collapse. On May 28, an avalanche of millions of tons of ice and rock barreled down the slope, burying Blatten, a centuries-old village nestled in the valley below. Local authorities had already evacuated the village after parts of the mountain had crumbled onto the glacier; a 64-year old man believed to have stayed remains missing. But no one expected an event of this magnitude. Successive rock avalanches onto the glacier increased the pressure on the ice, causing it to melt faster and the glacier to accelerate, eventually destabilizing it and pushing it from its bed. The collapse was sudden, violent and catastrophic. 'This one just left no moment to catch a breath,' Beutel said. The underlying causes will take time to unravel. A collapse of this magnitude would have been set in motion by geological factors going back decades at least, said Matthias Huss, a glaciologist at the Swiss university ETH Zürich. But it's 'likely climate change is involved,' he said, as warming temperatures melt the ice that holds mountains together. It's a problem affecting mountains across the planet. People have long been fascinated with mountains for their dramatic beauty. Some make their homes beneath them — around 1 billion live in mountain communities — others are drawn by adventure, the challenge of conquering peaks. These majestic landscapes have always been dangerous, but as the world warms, they are becoming much more unpredictable and much deadlier. 'We do not fully understand the hazard at the moment, nor how the dangers are changing with climate change,' said David Petley, an Earth scientist at the University of Hull in England. Snowy and icy mountains are inherently sensitive to climate change. Very high mountains are etched with fractures filled with ice — called permafrost — which glues them together. As the permafrost thaws, mountains can become destabilized. 'We are seeing more large rock slope collapses in many mountains as a result,' Petley told CNN. Glaciers are also melting at a terrifyingly rapid rate, especially in regions such as the Alps and the Andes, which face the possibility of a glacier-free future. As these rivers of ancient ice disappear, they expose mountain faces, causing more rocks to fall. There have been several big collapses in the Alps in recent years as ice melts and permafrost thaws. In July 2022, about 64,000 tons of water, rock and ice broke off from the Marmolada Glacier in northern Italy after unusually hot weather caused massive melting. The subsequent ice avalanche killed 11 people hiking a popular trail. In 2023, the peak of Fluchthorn, a mountain on the border between Switzerland and Austria, collapsed as permafrost thawed, sending more than 100,000 cubic meters of rock into the valley below. 'This really seems to be something new. There seems to be a trend in such big events in high mountain areas,' Huss said. Melting glaciers can also form lakes, which can become so full that they burst their banks, sending water and debris cascading down mountainsides. In 2023, a permafrost landslide caused a large glacial lake in Sikkim, India, to break its banks, causing a catastrophic deluge that killed at least 55 people. Last year, a glacial lake outburst caused destructive flooding in Juneau, Alaska — a now regular occurrence for the city. After two years in a row of destructive glacial flooding, Juneau is scrambling to erect temporary flood barriers ahead of the next melting season, the Anchorage Daily News reported this week. As well as melting ice, there's another hazard destabilizing mountains: rain. Extreme precipitation is increasingly falling on mountains as rain instead of snow, said Mohammed Ombadi, an assistant professor at the University of Michigan College of Engineering. His research shows every 1 degree Celsius of global warming increases extreme rainfall events by 15%. This pushes up the risks of flooding, landslides and soil erosion. Northern Hemisphere mountains will become 'hotspots' for extreme rain, Ombadi said. Heavy rainfall this month in Sikkim, a Himalayan state in northern India, triggered a series of landslides, killing at least three people. Images show deep muddy scars carved into the mountain, with buildings and trees obliterated. Scientists do have tools to monitor mountains and warn communities. 'There are fantastic instruments that can predict quite accurately when a rock mass (or) ice mass is going to come down,' Huss said. The difficulty is knowing where to look when a landscape is constantly changing in unpredictable ways. 'This is what climate change actually does… there are more new and previously unrecognized situations,' Huss said. These are particularly hard to deal with in developing countries, which don't have the resources for extensive monitoring. Scientists say the only way to reduce the impact of the climate crisis on mountains is to bring down global temperatures, but some changes are already locked in. 'Even if we manage to stabilize the climate right now, (glaciers) will continue to retreat significantly,' Huss said. Almost 40% of the world's glaciers are already doomed, according to a new study. 'We could have maybe avoided most of (the negative impacts) if we had acted 50 years ago and brought down CO2 emissions. But we failed,' Huss added. The consequences are hitting as the numbers of people living in and visiting mountains increases. 'We're just more exposed than we used to be,' he said. Ludovic Ravanel, an Alpine climber and geomorphologist who focuses on mountains' response to global warming, has a front line view of the increasing dangers of these landscapes. Mountains are the 'most convincing' hotspots of climate change, he told CNN. When he's focused on the science, he keeps his emotions at arm's length. But as a father, and a mountaineer, it hits him. 'I see just how critical the situation is. And even then, we're only at the very beginning.'
CNN
07-06-2025
- Science
- CNN
Mountains are among the planet's most beautiful places. They're also becoming the deadliest
Climate change StormsFacebookTweetLink Follow Jan Beutel was half-watching a live stream of Kleines Nesthorn, a mountain peak in the Swiss Alps, when he realized its cacophony of creaks and rumbles was getting louder. He dropped his work, turned up the sound and found himself unable to look away. 'The whole screen exploded,' he said. Beutel, a computer engineer specializing in mountain monitoring, had just witnessed a glacier collapse. On May 28, an avalanche of millions of tons of ice and rock barreled down the slope, burying Blatten, a centuries-old village nestled in the valley below. Local authorities had already evacuated the village after parts of the mountain had crumbled onto the glacier; a 64-year old man believed to have stayed remains missing. But no one expected an event of this magnitude. Successive rock avalanches onto the glacier increased the pressure on the ice, causing it to melt faster and the glacier to accelerate, eventually destabilizing it and pushing it from its bed. The collapse was sudden, violent and catastrophic. 'This one just left no moment to catch a breath,' Beutel said. The underlying causes will take time to unravel. A collapse of this magnitude would have been set in motion by geological factors going back decades at least, said Matthias Huss, a glaciologist at the Swiss university ETH Zürich. But it's 'likely climate change is involved,' he said, as warming temperatures melt the ice that holds mountains together. It's a problem affecting mountains across the planet. People have long been fascinated with mountains for their dramatic beauty. Some make their homes beneath them — around 1 billion live in mountain communities — others are drawn by adventure, the challenge of conquering peaks. These majestic landscapes have always been dangerous, but as the world warms, they are becoming much more unpredictable and much deadlier. 'We do not fully understand the hazard at the moment, nor how the dangers are changing with climate change,' said David Petley, an Earth scientist at the University of Hull in England. Snowy and icy mountains are inherently sensitive to climate change. Very high mountains are etched with fractures filled with ice — called permafrost — which glues them together. As the permafrost thaws, mountains can become destabilized. 'We are seeing more large rock slope collapses in many mountains as a result,' Petley told CNN. Glaciers are also melting at a terrifyingly rapid rate, especially in regions such as the Alps and the Andes, which face the possibility of a glacier-free future. As these rivers of ancient ice disappear, they expose mountain faces, causing more rocks to fall. There have been several big collapses in the Alps in recent years as ice melts and permafrost thaws. In July 2022, about 64,000 tons of water, rock and ice broke off from the Marmolada Glacier in northern Italy after unusually hot weather caused massive melting. The subsequent ice avalanche killed 11 people hiking a popular trail. In 2023, the peak of Fluchthorn, a mountain on the border between Switzerland and Austria, collapsed as permafrost thawed, sending more than 100,000 cubic meters of rock into the valley below. 'This really seems to be something new. There seems to be a trend in such big events in high mountain areas,' Huss said. Melting glaciers can also form lakes, which can become so full that they burst their banks, sending water and debris cascading down mountainsides. In 2023, a permafrost landslide caused a large glacial lake in Sikkim, India, to break its banks, causing a catastrophic deluge that killed at least 55 people. Last year, a glacial lake outburst caused destructive flooding in Juneau, Alaska — a now regular occurrence for the city. After two years in a row of destructive glacial flooding, Juneau is scrambling to erect temporary flood barriers ahead of the next melting season, the Anchorage Daily News reported this week. As well as melting ice, there's another hazard destabilizing mountains: rain. Extreme precipitation is increasingly falling on mountains as rain instead of snow, said Mohammed Ombadi, an assistant professor at the University of Michigan College of Engineering. His research shows every 1 degree Celsius of global warming increases extreme rainfall events by 15%. This pushes up the risks of flooding, landslides and soil erosion. Northern Hemisphere mountains will become 'hotspots' for extreme rain, Ombadi said. Heavy rainfall this month in Sikkim, a Himalayan state in northern India, triggered a series of landslides, killing at least three people. Images show deep muddy scars carved into the mountain, with buildings and trees obliterated. Scientists do have tools to monitor mountains and warn communities. 'There are fantastic instruments that can predict quite accurately when a rock mass (or) ice mass is going to come down,' Huss said. The difficulty is knowing where to look when a landscape is constantly changing in unpredictable ways. 'This is what climate change actually does… there are more new and previously unrecognized situations,' Huss said. These are particularly hard to deal with in developing countries, which don't have the resources for extensive monitoring. Scientists say the only way to reduce the impact of the climate crisis on mountains is to bring down global temperatures, but some changes are already locked in. 'Even if we manage to stabilize the climate right now, (glaciers) will continue to retreat significantly,' Huss said. Almost 40% of the world's glaciers are already doomed, according to a new study. 'We could have maybe avoided most of (the negative impacts) if we had acted 50 years ago and brought down CO2 emissions. But we failed,' Huss added. The consequences are hitting as the numbers of people living in and visiting mountains increases. 'We're just more exposed than we used to be,' he said. Ludovic Ravanel, an Alpine climber and geomorphologist who focuses on mountains' response to global warming, has a front line view of the increasing dangers of these landscapes. Mountains are the 'most convincing' hotspots of climate change, he told CNN. When he's focused on the science, he keeps his emotions at arm's length. But as a father, and a mountaineer, it hits him. 'I see just how critical the situation is. And even then, we're only at the very beginning.'
The Guardian
06-06-2025
- Climate
- The Guardian
The Swiss village buried by a glacier collapse
The Swiss village of Blatten was wiped out in seconds. A glacier collapsed above the village on 28 May, triggering a landslide. The 300 residents had been evacuated a week earlier, but a 64-year-old man who is believed to have stayed is missing. Tess McClure, the Guardian's commissioning editor for the Age of Extinction, reported on the aftermath. 'The Birch glacier, which sits above Blatten, is this ancient slab of ice,' she tells Helen Pidd. 'It had been loaded up with rocks and debris from the mountain above and just gave way and crumbled. 'The millions of tonnes of rock, enormous chunks of ice, all of the mud and trees and debris that it had swept up along the way, all of that just fell down the mountain on to Blatten village.' It will take time for scientists to determine the role that the climate crisis may have played in the collapse, but Tess explains why global heating will make events like this more common. 'What we can say is, basically, climate change is affecting all of the ingredients for a disaster like this. So we're seeing glaciers around the world melt at an incredible rate. They're shrinking, they're cracking, they're growing more unstable. 'We're also seeing permafrost and ice, which in an environment like this is just the glue that holds parts of the earth, parts of the mountain, is kind of holding it all together, that permafrost is also melting. 'And we also know that climate change, higher temperatures and mountains are linked, from scientific studies, to higher rates of rockfall and higher rates of that kind of disintegration. So we can't sort of say yes, the Birch glacier was climate change and climate change alone, but we can look at all of these factors, and all of them are related to global heating.' Support the Guardian today:
Japan Times
04-06-2025
- Politics
- Japan Times
Swiss glacier collapse is a lesson on climate disaster management
A Swiss mountain slope bursting and unleashing a cascade of rocks and ice over an idyllic Alpine village last week was a chilling image, but also the symbol of a well-managed climate crisis. The collapse of the Birch glacier in the Swiss Alps was an expected disaster. Authorities and scientists had been monitoring the area closely and when the first signs of instability started to appear, over a week before the event, they evacuated the town of Blatten, on the valley below the glacier. The landslide obliterated about 90% of the village and one person is missing, according to Swiss authorities. "It was the least worst scenario — any loss of property or homes is a tragedy, but they were prepared for it,' said Rachel Carr, a glaciologist at the University of Newcastle in the U.K. "We can at least manage the threat of the loss of life, we need to at least do that.' Yet not all countries are able to respond as effectively to such disasters. Billions of people globally live downstream from glaciers and at least 15 million are directly exposed to floods from glacial lakes bursting, according to a 2023 research paper co-authored by Carr. Glaciers have melted at the fastest pace on record this decade, leading to an increase of lakes that can burst any time, unleashing hundreds of tons of rocks and ice, together with landslides and floods that destroy everything on their path. "We see the highest risk in the Himalayas and the Andes, where people have a strong dependence on subsistence agriculture,' said Carr, speaking on the phone from Bhutan. A lake outburst or a glacier collapsing can "take out their yaks, their grazing land and their capacity to generate food and money for years to come.' Police control the entry to the village where a crumbling glacier partially collapsed and tumbled in Blatten, Switzerland on Monday. | REUTERS Human settlements in many high mountain areas are days away from the nearest road, so bringing in materials to rebuild can take years, said Carr, whose current research focuses on helping set up sensors to monitor glaciers in Bhutan, one of the world's few carbon negative countries, which also has some of the fastest-retreating glaciers in the world. Glaciers are a thick layer of ice that has eroded the mountain for centuries. They often act like a containment wall, holding rocks and mud together. When the glacier melts, it becomes thinner until eventually it can't hold the mountain anymore and it collapses. At the same time, permafrost, the frozen ground present in high mountain environments, is thawing fast, making terrains more unstable. These events are made worse by climate change, and they played a role in the collapse of the Birch glacier, said Jean-Baptiste Bosson, a glaciologist and the director of nature preservation non-profit Marge Sauvage. Establishing a direct link between the event and climate change is difficult, if not impossible, but it seems likely that it played a role in the event, Swiss researchers said in a note. When Birch collapsed, Bosson was in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, attending the first-ever United Nations-sponsored glacier conference. Suddenly, glaciologists there saw their field of study become front page news and felt like the calls for action they had been repeating for decades would be listened to. Debris and the rest of the village of Blatten, now submerged by the obstructed river Lonza, after the huge Birch Glacier collapsed and a massive landslide in the Swiss Alps on Saturday. | AFP-JIJI The conference ended with a final declaration highlighting the need to protect glaciers as climate change advances, and to monitor them to prepare for hazards. It also called on governments and finance institutions to fund these efforts and contribute to a glacier preservation fund coordinated by the U.N. Tajikistan made an initial contribution of $100,000 and no additional funding has been announced, although several countries have expressed interest, according to a spokesperson from the U.N.'s World Meteorological Organization. "I'm a bit disappointed — there are no heads of state here' beyond Tajikistan's, Bosson said. "Glaciers are melting and we have to do something, but no one put on the table real, effective solutions.' Wealthy countries including France or Switzerland have their own programs and are watching dozens of glaciers with drones, satellites, sensors and measurements on the ground. Even with these advanced methods it's impossible to predict which glacier will collapse next, said Daniel Farinotti, a glaciologist at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. "I would pay a lot of money in order to be able to answer this question,' Farinotti said. "We don't know why this particular glacier happened to fall down at that particular moment in time.' The vast amounts of data and images from the collapse of the Birch glacier will allow researchers to reconstruct the event, he said. "But we are not able to predict one of these the same way we can predict meteorological conditions three days ahead because the conditions are so complex. We try hard, though.' Authorities can do more than monitoring. In France, the Tete-Rousse glacier is under watch since scientists discovered the equivalent of twenty Olympic swimming pools of water were held underneath the ice. Between 2,000 and 3,000 people in the Haute Savoie region could be affected if that glacier collapses, according to local media. Over the past 15 years, some water has been pumped from underneath the glacier, an alarm system has been set up across the valley and construction in vulnerable areas has been restricted. Swiss authorities were already thinking about next steps just hours after Blatten was engulfed in ice and rock. At a press conference with emergency authorities in the area last Wednesday, the mayor of Blatten, Matthias Bellwald, appeared moved as he addressed journalists and the community. "The village is under rubble, but we will rebuild it,' Bellwald said. "This will take a long, long time, we will require help and support, but the glacier can't collapse twice.'
