Latest news with #deterrent
Sky News
a day ago
- Politics
- Sky News
Inside Britain's largest nuclear weapons site - as scientists race to build a new warhead by the 2030s
Vaults of enriched uranium and plutonium to make nuclear bombs are dotted about a secure site in Berkshire along with Anglo-Saxon burial mounds and a couple of lakes. Surrounded by metal fences topped with barbed wire, much of the nuclear weapons facility at Aldermaston in Berkshire looks frozen in time from the 1950s rather than ready for war in the 21st century. But a renewed focus on the importance of the UK's nuclear deterrent means the government is giving much of its nuclear infrastructure a facelift as it races to build a new warhead by the 2030s when the old stock goes out of service. Sky News was among a group of news organisations given rare access to the largest of Britain's nuclear weapons locations run by AWE. The acronym stands for Atomic Weapons Establishment - but a member of staff organising the visit told me that the public body, which is owned by the Ministry of Defence, no longer attributes the letters that make up its name to those words. "We are just A, W, E," she said. She did not explain why. Perhaps it is to avoid making AWE's purpose so immediately obvious to anyone interested in applying for a job but not so keen on weapons of mass destruction. For the scientists and engineers, working here though, there seems to be a sense of genuine purpose as they develop and ensure the viability and credibility of the warheads at the heart of the UK's nuclear deterrent, this country's ultimate security guarantee. "It's nice to wake up every day and work on something that actually matters," said a 22-year-old apprentice called Chris. Sky News was asked not to publish his surname for security reasons. The workforce at AWE is expanding fast, with 1,500 new people joining over the past year. The organisation has some 9,500 employees in total, including about 7,000 at Aldermaston, where the warhead is developed and its component parts are manufactured. Designing and building a bomb is something the UK has not needed to do for decades - not since an international prohibition on testing nuclear weapons came into force in the 1990s. It means the new warhead, called Astrea, will not be detonated for real unless it is used - an outcome that would only ever happen in the most extreme of circumstances as explained in a new podcast series by Sky News and Tortoise called The Wargame. The last time, Britain test-fired a bomb was at a facility in Nevada in the US in 1991. With that no longer an option, the scientists at AWE must rely on old data and new technology as they build the next generation of warhead. This includes input from a supercomputer at the Aldermaston site that uses 17 megawatts of power and crunches four trillion calculations per second. Another major help is a giant laser facility. It is built in a hall, with two banks of long cylinders, lying horizontal and stacked one of top of the other running down the length of the room - these are part of the laser. The beams are then zapped in a special, separate chamber, onto tiny samples of material to see how they react under the kind of extreme pressures and temperatures that would be caused in a nuclear explosion. The heat is up to 10 million degrees - the same as the outer edge of the sun. "You take all those beams at a billionth of a second, bring them altogether and heat a small target to those temperatures and pressures," one scientist said, as he explained the process to John Healey, the defence secretary, who visited the site on Thursday. Looking impressed, Mr Healey replied: "For a non-scientist that is hard to follow let alone comprehend." The Orion laser facility is the only one of its kind in the world, though the US - which has a uniquely close relationship with the UK over their nuclear weapons - has similar capabilities. Maria Dawes, the director of science at AWE, said there is a sense of urgency at the organisation about the need to develop and then build the new bomb - which is a central part of the government's new defence review published in early June. "You've probably read the strategic defence review," she said. "There's very much the rhetoric of this is a new era of threat and therefore it's a new era for defence and AWE is absolutely at the heart of that and so a sense of urgency around: we need to step up and we need to make sure that we've got what our customer needs. Yes, there's very much that sense here." It means an organisation that has for years been purely focused on ensuring the current stockpile of warheads is safe and works must shift to becoming more dynamic as it pursues a project that will be used to defend the UK long into the future. In a sign of its importance, the government is spending £15bn over the next four years alone on the programme to build the new warheads. Part of the investment is going into revamping Aldermaston. Driving around the 700-acre site, which was once a Second World War airbase, many of the buildings were constructed into the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. The construction of new science and research laboratories is taking place. But bringing builders onto one of the UK's most secure nuclear sites is not without risk. Everyone involved must be a British national and armed police patrols are everywhere. No one would say what will be different about the new bomb that is being developed here compared with the version that needs replacing. One official simply said the incumbent stock has a finite design life and will need to be swapped out.
Yahoo
a day ago
- Politics
- Yahoo
Inside Britain's largest nuclear weapons site - as scientists race to build a new warhead by the 2030s
Vaults of enriched uranium and plutonium to make nuclear bombs are dotted about a secure site in Berkshire along with Anglo-Saxon burial mounds and a couple of lakes. Surrounded by metal fences topped with barbed wire, much of the nuclear weapons facility at Aldermaston in Berkshire looks frozen in time from the 1950s rather than ready for war in the 21st century. But a renewed focus on the importance of the UK's nuclear deterrent means the government is giving much of its nuclear infrastructure a facelift as it races to build a new warhead by the 2030s when the old stock goes out of service. Sky News was among a group of news organisations given rare access to the largest of Britain's nuclear weapons locations run by AWE. The acronym stands for Atomic Weapons Establishment - but a member of staff organising the visit told me that the public body, which is owned by the Ministry of Defence, no longer attributes the letters that make up its name to those words. "We are just A, W, E," she said. She did not explain why. Perhaps it is to avoid making AWE's purpose so immediately obvious to anyone interested in applying for a job but not so keen on weapons of mass destruction. For the scientists and engineers, working here though, there seems to be a sense of genuine purpose as they develop and ensure the viability and credibility of the warheads at the heart of the UK's nuclear deterrent, this country's ultimate security guarantee. "It's nice to wake up every day and work on something that actually matters," said a 22-year-old apprentice called Chris. Sky News was asked not to publish his surname for security reasons. The workforce at AWE is expanding fast, with 1,500 new people joining over the past year. The organisation has some 9,500 employees in total, including about 7,000 at Aldermaston, where the warhead is developed and its component parts are manufactured. Designing and building a bomb is something the UK has not needed to do for decades - not since an international prohibition on testing nuclear weapons came into force in the 1990s. It means the new warhead, called Astrea, will not be detonated for real unless it is used - an outcome that would only ever happen in the most extreme of circumstances . The last time, Britain test-fired a bomb was at a facility in Nevada in the US in 1991. With that no longer an option, the scientists at AWE must rely on old data and new technology as they build the next generation of warhead. This includes input from a supercomputer at the Aldermaston site that uses 17 megawatts of power and crunches four trillion calculations per second. Another major help is a giant laser facility. It is built in a hall, with two banks of long cylinders, lying horizontal and stacked one of top of the other running down the length of the room - these are part of the laser. The beams are then zapped in a special, separate chamber, onto tiny samples of material to see how they react under the kind of extreme pressures and temperatures that would be caused in a nuclear explosion. The heat is up to 10 million degrees - the same as the outer edge of the sun. "You take all those beams at a billionth of a second, bring them altogether and heat a small target to those temperatures and pressures," one scientist said, as he explained the process to John Healey, the defence secretary, who visited the site on Thursday. Looking impressed, Mr Healey replied: "For a non-scientist that is hard to follow let alone comprehend." The Orion laser facility is the only one of its kind in the world, though the US - which has a uniquely close relationship with the UK over their nuclear weapons - has similar capabilities. Maria Dawes, the director of science at AWE, said there is a sense of urgency at the organisation about the need to develop and then build the new bomb - which is a central part of the government's new defence review published in early June. "You've probably read the strategic defence review," she said. "There's very much the rhetoric of this is a new era of threat and therefore it's a new era for defence and AWE is absolutely at the heart of that and so a sense of urgency around: we need to step up and we need to make sure that we've got what our customer needs. Yes, there's very much that sense here." It means an organisation that has for years been purely focused on ensuring the current stockpile of warheads is safe and works must shift to becoming more dynamic as it pursues a project that will be used to defend the UK long into the future. In a sign of its importance, the government is spending £15bn over the next four years alone on the programme to build the new warheads. Part of the investment is going into revamping Aldermaston. Driving around the 700-acre site, which was once a Second World War airbase, many of the buildings were constructed into the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. The construction of new science and research laboratories is taking place. But bringing builders onto one of the UK's most secure nuclear sites is not without risk. Everyone involved must be a British national and armed police patrols are everywhere. No one would say what will be different about the new bomb that is being developed here compared with the version that needs replacing. One official simply said the incumbent stock has a finite design life and will need to be swapped out.
Telegraph
09-06-2025
- Politics
- Telegraph
These are Britain's options for tactical nuclear weapons. We must choose, and act
As the dust begins to settle on the Strategic Defence Review, Lord Robertson's interview with the Telegraph 's Roland Oliphant answered a number of important issues. However his lordship danced around the critical and pressing issue of re-introducing a tactical nuclear capability to our national deterrent. This is vital against the background of continuous nuclear threats against the UK and Europe from President Putin and the gangsters who advise him. The need to show military strength to Moscow could not be more pressing. The re-introduction of a tactical nuclear capability would impact Putin's decision-making far more than a few hundred tanks or half a dozen capital ships, but it is not quite so straight forward as strapping a nuclear bomb to a jet or on the end of a cruise missile. If the UK sticks with our closest ally, probably still the US, we will most likely purchase some F-35A runway stealth jets to go alongside our existing jumpjet F-35Bs. The Bs have the advantage of being able to operate from our carriers, but their vertical thrust equipment means that they lack range and cannot carry larger weapons in their internal bays. The F-35A is also the only 5th generation stealth jet that is certified to carry nuclear weapons – specifically the American B61-12 nuclear gravity bomb. This can be carried by German jets, will soon be certified on Italian ones, and would most likely be our tactical option also. But this may not be a credible enough option to effectively deter Putin. Though the F-35 is paraded as the stealthiest thing in the sky it is not actually invisible to radar and it might be shot down before it could get above its target to drop its B61-12s. This brings up the need to be able to knock out Russian air defences in order to make our tactical nukes (or other air power) effective. Air defence is nowadays hugely important and has been possibly the defining issue in the Ukraine war. In my day, you became an air defence officer – a 'cloud-puncher' – if no other path was open. Today the air defence officers are the first pick. Air defences, even modern and powerful Russian ones such as the S-400, can be suppressed: we have seen Israel do this against Iran's S-300s before bombing some of Iran's nuclear research establishments this and last year. Recent Ukrainian attacks, most especially the strike last week on the Russian military air base at Bryansk show that Russian AD is not as water-tight as the Kremlin would have us believe. Nonetheless it might be a big ask to get F-35s almost on top of their target in order to deliver a free-falling gravity bomb like the B61-12. The other option possibly available to the UK is to do what the French have done: rather than a free-falling nuke, France has the Air-Sol Moyenne Portée (ASMPA) supersonic cruise missile, which can be released from its carrying jet hundreds of miles from the target. The ASMPA is supersonic, making it harder to knock down than a normal subsonic cruise missile. Our missile making capability is joint with France and Europe anyway, so if we went down this route we could partner with the French, who already know what they're doing in this area. Our existing subsonic Storm Shadow cruise missile is actually French too – the warhead is the only British part. It has been put to good use against Russia in Ukrainian hands, though it appears to need help – either US defence-suppression technology or special forces operations against Russian defence radars – to be fully effective. It could be argued that it is now Monsieur Macron and France who are our closest allies, as President Trump seems to shun us 'pathetic' Europeans. This could be a viable way forward. Even I, a soldier, can recognise that reintroducing a tactical nuclear air delivered capability is not an insignificant task. It is complicated by our current lack of any AWACS radar planes and other specialist defence-suppression equipment. Nonetheless we have been in the nuclear deterrence game almost since the beginning and our Atomic Weapons Establishment can at least furnish us with the key: the actual warhead. We might alternatively make a beginning by developing a home-grown nuclear tip for our stock of US-made, submarine-launched Tomahawk cruise weapons: the Tomahawk was originally developed to deliver nukes, so we know it can do that job. One thing I am sure of is the need. As a former commander of the UK and Nato's chemical and nuclear defence forces, I know the overwhelming impact that tactical nuclear weapons can have on the battlefield, and the huge advantage they give to an aggressor against somebody who does not possess these weapons. We must be ready to deal with the Russian bear. Putin will not be deterred by 12 more submarines in the ocean in the next decade, and Dad's Army covering the White Cliffs perhaps sooner – useful and vital as these things will be. As Uncle Sam backs away from the fight, the prospect of the UK joining France in fielding a tactical capability which could cripple a Russian army in the field would likely get Putin talking peace quicker than most other threats. For 80 years there has been nuclear equilibrium in Europe, but this has become unbalanced. It is the major metric in Putin's decision making, psychologically if not physically. It isn't very important which tactical nuclear option we choose – F-35A, a French style standoff weapon, or Tomahawk. What is important is that we choose at least one and get it into service.
Finextra
28-05-2025
- Business
- Finextra
Singapore ponders caning punishment for scammers
Singapore is considering drastic action to tackle its scam epidemic - the introduction of caning for offenders. 0 Singaporeans lost an average of $4031 each to scams in 2023, putting the island state top of the global league table, according to the Financial Times. This is ascribed to their prosperity, embrace of digital services and compliance with authority. The country is now pondering a new way to deter potential scammers: corporal punishment. In response to a suggestion in parliament, Minister of State for Home Affairs Sun Xueling recently said: 'We will consider Dr Tan's suggestion for caning to be prescribed for certain scam-related offences, recognising the serious harm they can cause.' Loretta Yuen, chair of the fraud committee at the Association of Banks in Singapore is backing the idea, telling the FT: "We believe in caning as a strong deterrent." Adds Yuen: 'It's a deterrent, but there is also a sense of revenge to it.'
Daily Mail
15-05-2025
- Politics
- Daily Mail
EXCLUSIVE Britain needs the death penalty - I know because I witnessed the 'horrible' executions of two heinous murderers, PETER HITCHENS tells SARAH VINE on latest episode of provocative Mail podcast
Britain needs to reinstate the death penalty as a deterrent against the most cruel and unusual crimes, acclaimed broadcaster Peter Hitchens has told co-host Sarah Vine on the latest episode of the Mail's Alas Vine & Hitchens podcast. The best-selling author argued that the logic in having the death penalty is 'inexorable', with scientific developments in the DNA analysis of crime scenes now meaning 'very few' falsely accused people would receive capital punishment. Hitchens revealed that during his time as a correspondent in America, he forced himself to witness two executions, one by lethal injection, the other by electrocution, to test his convictions in the practice. He explained to Mail columnist Sarah Vine that although the experience was 'horrible', his view on the death penalty remained unchanged, permitting its use under 'very strict conditions.' 'I concluded about 30 years ago that I supported the death penalty under very strict conditions', Hitchens began. 'When challenged, I couldn't deny it. I instantly made myself a lot of enemies among the sort of people I knew then. It is an absolute test in modern liberal Britain: if you support the death penalty, then you're some knuckle-brushing barbarian. 'The logic for it is inexorable – the thing which put the capstone on it for me was witnessing two executions in the United States. I thought I should face the thing I had supported and in a sense, willed. 'I went to these executions – now, no one can say to me: 'Well if you'd seen it, you'd stop being in favour of it.' 'It didn't alter my view. It was a horrible thing, but it was meant to be. 'In an age of DNA, establishing someone's guilt is easier and more likely to be certain than it was before. I certainly am not suggesting the execution of all murderers – only the most heinous of them.' The broadcaster, who over his long career in journalism has written extensively on the subject, went on to detail his reasoning for supporting capital punishment. The death penalty was abolished in Britain in 1965, mostly due to evolving social attitudes and several high-profile miscarriages of justice. Hitchens said: 'You must make it plain as a society that you value life above all things. The only person who can forgive a murderer is the person who's murdered, and that person is not available – we do not have the freedom to forgive on their behalf. 'Then there's deterrence – when the death penalty was suspended in this country in the late 1940s, armed crime went up during that suspension and fell again when it ended. 'There is no question that since final abolition in 1965, the amount of homicide in this country has gone up. 'What's more, the amount of serious wounding has gone up, but that doesn't show in the homicide rates because the health service has gotten so much better. 'If people see someone getting away with murder, then it makes them angry. It makes them less inclined to keep the law themselves. Poorly enforced laws make people behave worse.' Sarah Vine tacitly agreed with her co-host, adding that now, in the modern world, we have far less painful and graphic methods of execution than when capital punishment was abolished. The most common method of execution in Britain was hanging. The deeply controversial 1955 hanging of Ruth Ellis, the last woman to be given the death penalty in Britain, turned the public against the method of execution and capital punishment in general. Hitchens said however that if the death penalty was reintroduced, the method of execution should be 'genuinely frightening' by design. 'The thing has to have some force', the author proclaimed. 'When I saw the lethal injection, I thought it was morally creepy. It doesn't look like an execution – it's more like a medical procedure. That's dishonest – people are pretending to be doing something that they're not.' To catch the full debate on the death penalty, listen to the latest Alas Vine & Hitchens now, wherever you get your podcasts. New episodes are released every Wednesday.
