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Indian Express
a day ago
- Business
- Indian Express
CFA vs CPA: Choosing the right path in finance; prospects, roles
('The Right Choice' is a series by The Indian Express that addresses common questions, misconceptions, and doubts surrounding undergraduate admissions. You can read the stories here.) — Subhash Kumar Verma The Certified Financial Analyst (CFA) and Certified Public Accountant (CPA) are two of the most respected and well-known qualifications in the world for anyone who wants to work in finance. Even though both can lead to good jobs in the financial business, they are meant for different career paths and should be chosen based on your career ambitions. Many people think that the CFA charter is the best standard for people who work in finance. Its full curriculum focuses on wealth planning, portfolio management, asset appraisal, and investment analysis. People who have a CFA charter often work as portfolio managers, research analysts, investment bankers, or risk analysts. There are three levels in the curriculum, and each one is hard and takes about 300 hours of study. It normally takes between two and four years to get the CFA credential. This includes the required 4,000 hours of relevant work experience. The tests are hard, but getting the charter shows that you know a lot about investing. On the other hand, the CPA license is the highest level of certification in the accounting field. It is mostly about audits, taxes, corporate law, and financial reporting. CPAs are very important in jobs like being an auditor, a tax counsellor, a controller, or a Chief Financial Officer (CFO). There are four parts to the CPA exam, and most people can do it in 18 months to two years, which is shorter than the CFA exam. Candidates must also complete state-specific education requirements, which are usually 150 semester hours, and have 1 to 2 years of supervised work experience under a certified CPA. CPAs are very important in many fields, such as public accounting, corporate finance, government, and non-profit. They make sure that rules are followed and that money is handled properly. People who work in investment-related sectors, including asset management, hedge funds, private equity, and financial advising businesses, admire CFA charter holders. Pay for both jobs is competitive and depends on the industry, location, and level of expertise. Senior CFA experts who work in investments usually make more money, while CPAs who work as executives, like CFOs, also make a lot of money. Your career goals should ultimately help you decide whether to get a CFA or a CPA. The CFA qualification is a good fit for you if you love analysing investments, making financial plans, and working in the capital markets. The CPA license is the best way to go if you want to work in accounting, auditing, taxes, or making sure that rules are followed. Both certifications are valuable tools that can help you get ahead in your career and get a lot of professional recognition. They will also show that you are an expert in the ever-changing world of finance. The CFA (Chartered Financial Analyst) designation is ideal for individuals who are passionate about investment management, financial analysis, and capital markets. It is best suited for those who enjoy working with data, evaluating financial performance, and making strategic investment decisions. If you're analytical, detail-oriented, and interested in understanding how economies, industries, and companies operate financially, the CFA path is a strong fit. You should consider the CFA if you aspire to roles such as: – Portfolio Manager – Research Analyst – Equity or Credit Analyst – Investment Banker – Financial Strategist – Risk Manager – Wealth Manager or Private Banker Candidates who thrive in finance-focused environments like investment banks, asset management firms, hedge funds, mutual funds, and private equity will find the CFA highly valuable. The program's global recognition also makes it particularly advantageous for those aiming for international finance roles. The CPA (Certified Public Accountant) designation is tailored for individuals who have a strong interest in accounting, auditing, taxation, and financial reporting. If you are detail-driven, have a strong ethical foundation, and enjoy working with compliance frameworks, legal standards, and organisational financial structures, the CPA is an excellent choice. You should consider the CPA if you aim to become a: – Public Accountant or Auditor – Tax Advisor or Consultant – Financial Controller – Forensic Accountant – Budget Analyst – Internal Auditor – Chief Financial Officer (CFO) The CPA license is especially valuable in public accounting firms, corporate finance departments, consulting firms, government agencies, and non-profit organizations. It is also a critical credential for professionals aspiring to senior leadership positions in finance and accounting. CFA charter holders are in high demand in the global investment and financial services industries. The designation opens doors to advanced roles that involve managing investment portfolios, conducting complex financial analysis, and advising institutional or high-net-worth clients. Some of the top industries hiring CFAs include: – Investment Banking – Asset and Wealth Management – Hedge Funds – Private Equity and Venture Capital – Financial Advisory and Consulting – Corporate Finance and Strategy Teams – Director of Investments – Chief Investment Officer (CIO) – Head of Research – Risk Director – Senior Analyst or Fund Manager The CFA designation is also globally portable, allowing professionals to work across countries and financial hubs such as New York, London, Hong Kong, Dubai, and Singapore. CPAs enjoy robust and stable career opportunities across a wide range of sectors. Their expertise in financial integrity, regulatory compliance, and tax planning makes them indispensable to organizations. CPAs often begin their careers in public accounting or auditing firms, and with experience, progress into higher management and executive roles. Industries and sectors hiring CPAs include: – Public Accounting Firms (Big Four and mid-sized firms) – Corporations (especially in accounting, FP&A, and compliance teams) – Government and Regulatory Bodies (e.g., IRS, State Audit Departments) – Non-Profit and Educational Institutions – Internal Audit and Risk Departments With experience, CPAs can grow into roles such as: – Finance Director – Corporate Controller – Vice President of Finance – Partner in a Public Accounting Firm – Chief Financial Officer (CFO) CPAs also have an edge in entrepreneurial ventures such as starting a tax consultancy, audit firm, or boutique advisory practice. Both the CFA and CPA offer distinguished career paths, but they cater to different professional passions: – Choose CFA if your goal is to build a career in investment analysis, portfolio management, or finance strategy on a global stage. – Choose the CPA if you're inclined toward accounting, auditing, taxation, or corporate finance with a focus on compliance and financial reporting. – Your choice should align with your interests, long-term goals, and the type of financial work you find most fulfilling. Both credentials are well-respected, offer excellent career advancement, and will significantly strengthen your professional profile. (Dr Subhash Kumar Verma is Dean School of Business Management at Noida International University –Greater Noida, India)
Indian Express
14-06-2025
- Business
- Indian Express
BA Maths (Hons), BCom Maths (Hons) or BSc Maths (Hons): Which one should you choose?
('The Right Choice' is a series by The Indian Express that addresses common questions, misconceptions, and doubts surrounding undergraduate admissions. You can read the stories here.) — Uma Bhardwaj Mathematics is a versatile discipline that finds applications across various fields, from finance to scientific research. However, choosing the right undergraduate course, BA Maths (Hons), BCom Maths (Hons), or BSc Maths (Hons). It can be challenging. Each program offers a distinct approach to mathematics and caters to different career aspirations. BA (Hons) History or BA (Hons) Political Science: Which one should a student choose BA Maths (Hons): A Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics focuses on theoretical aspects, integrating humanities and social sciences. It is ideal for students interested in teaching, research, or interdisciplinary applications of mathematics. BCom Maths (Hons): This program combines mathematics with commerce subjects like accounting, finance, and economics. It is tailored for students aiming for careers in banking, actuarial science, and business analytics. BSc Maths (Hons): A Bachelor of Science in Mathematics delves deeper into advanced mathematical theories and scientific applications. It suits students inclined towards research, data science, or technical roles. BA Maths (Hons): Graduates often pursue teaching, government jobs, civil services, or research. BCom Maths (Hons): Ideal for careers in finance, risk management, stock market analysis, and business consultancy. BSc Maths (Hons): This leads to opportunities in data science, software development, statistical analysis, and academia. BA Maths (Hons): Enhances logical reasoning, analytical skills, and communication abilities. BCom Maths (Hons): Develops numerical aptitude, financial literacy, and business analytics expertise. BSc Maths (Hons): Focuses on problem-solving, computational skills, and statistical analysis. The choice depends on career goals and interests. For a blend of mathematics with social sciences – BA Maths (Hons) is suitable. For commerce and finance enthusiasts – BCom Maths (Hons) offers relevant industry skills and for research and scientific applications – BSc Maths (Hons) provides a strong mathematical foundation. Each programme has its merits and aligns with different professional pathways. Aspiring students should evaluate their career aspirations and interests before making a decision. With the right choice, mathematics can open doors to diverse and rewarding opportunities. [Prof (Dr) Uma Bhardwaj is the Vice Chancellor of Noida International University]
Indian Express
07-06-2025
- Politics
- Indian Express
BA (Hons) History or BA (Hons) Political Science: Which one should a student choose
('The Right Choice' is a series by The Indian Express that addresses common questions, misconceptions, and doubts surrounding undergraduate admissions. You can read the stories here.) — Aparna Sharma History and political science may seem like two sides of the same coin. Both options tend to discuss the philosophical and practical implications of political decisions and cultural movements. A history degree programme contributes to a deep understanding of the cultural and historical context of political decisions, social movements and cultural shifts over time. On the other hand, a political science degree focuses primarily on past and current events through the lens of politics. History programme allows students to cultivate a profound appreciation for past events and how they impact the present. History takes students through a dynamic curriculum that provides students with the opportunity to gain valuable critical thinking, research and analytical skills. While political science programmes tend to focus coursework on government and policy, history majors often examine events in a broader context. By studying topics such as world history, American history, philosophy and foreign policy, students gain a general understanding of history and have the chance to dive deeper into specific topics of interest. This historical awareness is then put in the context of current events, including politics. History and political science studies are nuanced. Both political science and history degrees allow students to develop their communication skills, as well as their ability to synthesize information. In addition, students often complete an experiential internship, capstone or seminar, where they are able to apply their studies to real-life situations. For those enrolled in a history programme, this is an opportunity to tailor the application of skills learned to specific areas of interest. History majors generally have broadly applicable skills that prepare them for a wide array of career options that span various industries, from government to education and law. Those who earn their online bachelor's degree in history often seek positions that require them to conduct research, synthesize information, make strategic recommendations and solve complex problems. Those pursuing a degree in political science often seek careers in the government in some capacity, though this is not always true. Whether working in the public or private sector, political science majors often collect and interpret survey data, assist with political campaigns, forecast political trends and investigate the impact of various policies and laws at the local, state, federal and international levels. These jobs tend to require research, analysis and strong communication skills. History and political science are often perceived as complementary disciplines due to their shared focus on political decisions and cultural movements. However, they exhibit distinct differences in practice. History explores the cultural and historical context of political decisions over time, while political science focuses primarily on analysing events through a political lens. The two disciplines, however, nurture communication skills and information-synthesis abilities in students, preparing them for diverse career paths. Students from these programmes have a multitude of career options available to them, ranging from historians and policy analysts to diplomats and public relations specialists. Both BA in History and BA in Political Science programmes are valuable, but they cater to different academic passions and professional pathways. History offers a window into the past, while political science provides insights into modern governance and power. BA in history might be a better option for studies if one is passionate about the past, cultural heritage and how historical events have shaped the present, and if one is interested in careers related to academia, historical research, heritage, or cultural preservation. History provides a broader understanding of the past, which is crucial for those interested in how historical events shape present-day societies and ideologies. BA in history opens doors to postgraduate studies in history, archaeology, anthropology, or cultural studies, leading to research, teaching, or archival roles. History develops a strong ability in critical thinking, research, and understanding historical patterns that affect contemporary issues. It is suitable for students who want a career as a historian, museum curator, academician, researcher, or even work in heritage preservation, tourism, or archival management. History graduates also have a strong foundation for civil services and roles in journalism, NGOs, and think tanks. BA in political science might be better if one is keen on understanding political systems, governance, law-making and current affairs, and aim for a career in public policy, government or international organisations. Political science tends to be more relevant to understanding current global events, political dynamics, and governance, as it focuses on contemporary issues and international relations. BA in political science leads to further study in political science, international relations, public policy, law, or related areas, which can widen your opportunities in diplomacy, public administration, political consultancy, or international organisations. It offers a direct route to careers in government, public administration, diplomacy, political analysis, policy-making, or work with international organisations (UN, WHO). It also prepares you for civil services (similar to history), journalism (political reporting), and jobs in NGOs and think tanks related to governance and policy issues. [Prof. (Dr.) Aparna Sharma is dean of the School of Liberal Arts at Noida International University]
