Latest news with #RLS
Economic Times
21 hours ago
- Health
- Economic Times
Link between restless leg syndrome and kidney disease found in new research. Who are at risk? Check symptoms
A recent study highlights that individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially those undergoing dialysis, face a significantly higher risk of developing Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS). The condition, marked by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs during rest, is strongly linked to iron deficiency—common in CKD patients due to inflammation, poor iron absorption, and blood loss. Symptoms often worsen at night and disrupt sleep. Tired of too many ads? Remove Ads What Is Restless Legs Syndrome? Why CKD Patients Are More at Risk Tired of too many ads? Remove Ads Recognising the Symptoms Discomfort after sitting or lying down for long periods Temporary relief through leg movement or stretching Trouble falling or staying asleep due to nighttime symptoms Involuntary leg movements during sleep Difficulty focusing and low mood due to sleep disruption Causes Beyond Kidney Disease Managing RLS: Treatment and Lifestyle Support Establishing a consistent and calming bedtime routine Taking warm baths or using heating pads and ice packs Trying leg massages or gentle stretching before bed Using devices such as vibration pads or pressure wraps for temporary relief ( Originally published on Jun 20, 2025 ) A growing body of research has highlighted a strong association between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), a neurological condition that significantly affects sleep and quality of life. Individuals undergoing dialysis are particularly vulnerable, as their risk of developing RLS is much higher due to complications like iron Legs Syndrome, also known as Willis-Ekbom Disease, is a neurological condition that creates an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, particularly during periods of rest or inactivity. The discomfort is often described as crawling, itching, aching, or pulling sensations. These symptoms tend to worsen in the evening or at night and are usually relieved by the legs are primarily affected, in some cases, the arms may also experience similar sensations. RLS can disrupt sleep and, over time, lead to mood disturbances, chronic fatigue, and impaired shows that nearly one in four people with chronic kidney disease suffer from RLS, with higher prevalence among those on hemodialysis. This increased risk is largely tied to iron deficiency, which is common in CKD patients due to factors like blood loss during dialysis, poor iron absorption, and ongoing imaging and spinal fluid analysis in people with RLS reveal low iron concentrations, particularly in areas that regulate dopamine—a chemical essential for muscle control. In kidney disease, both absolute and functional iron deficiencies are often seen. Patients tend to have reduced levels of ferritin and transferrin saturation, along with elevated total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), indicating iron imbalance that may directly contribute to RLS symptoms of RLS vary in intensity but commonly include:In severe cases, these symptoms can appear more than twice a week, significantly affecting daily life and mental many RLS cases are linked to CKD and iron deficiency, other health conditions also contribute. These include diabetes, peripheral neuropathy, and neurological disorders involving dopamine pathways, such as Parkinson's disease. Genetics also play a role, as the condition is known to run in families. In some individuals, no specific cause can be there is currently no cure for RLS, various treatments can help manage symptoms. Addressing iron deficiency through supplementation, where appropriate, is often a primary focus in CKD patients. Limiting stimulants like caffeine, alcohol, and tobacco—especially in the evening—can also reduce symptom helpful strategies include:For patients with CKD, early identification and management of RLS can significantly improve sleep and overall well-being. Monitoring iron levels and treating deficiencies proactively is key in reducing symptom burden and improving quality of life.
Time of India
21 hours ago
- Health
- Time of India
Link between restless leg syndrome and kidney disease found in new research. Who are at risk? Check symptoms
A growing body of research has highlighted a strong association between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), a neurological condition that significantly affects sleep and quality of life. Individuals undergoing dialysis are particularly vulnerable, as their risk of developing RLS is much higher due to complications like iron deficiency. What Is Restless Legs Syndrome? Restless Legs Syndrome, also known as Willis-Ekbom Disease, is a neurological condition that creates an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, particularly during periods of rest or inactivity. The discomfort is often described as crawling, itching, aching, or pulling sensations. These symptoms tend to worsen in the evening or at night and are usually relieved by movement. While the legs are primarily affected, in some cases, the arms may also experience similar sensations. RLS can disrupt sleep and, over time, lead to mood disturbances, chronic fatigue, and impaired focus. by Taboola by Taboola Sponsored Links Sponsored Links Promoted Links Promoted Links You May Like Top 5 Dividend Stocks for May 2025 Seeking Alpha Read Now Undo Why CKD Patients Are More at Risk Research shows that nearly one in four people with chronic kidney disease suffer from RLS, with higher prevalence among those on hemodialysis. This increased risk is largely tied to iron deficiency, which is common in CKD patients due to factors like blood loss during dialysis, poor iron absorption, and ongoing inflammation. Brain imaging and spinal fluid analysis in people with RLS reveal low iron concentrations, particularly in areas that regulate dopamine—a chemical essential for muscle control. In kidney disease, both absolute and functional iron deficiencies are often seen. Patients tend to have reduced levels of ferritin and transferrin saturation, along with elevated total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), indicating iron imbalance that may directly contribute to RLS symptoms. Recognising the Symptoms The symptoms of RLS vary in intensity but commonly include: Discomfort after sitting or lying down for long periods Temporary relief through leg movement or stretching Trouble falling or staying asleep due to nighttime symptoms Involuntary leg movements during sleep Difficulty focusing and low mood due to sleep disruption In severe cases, these symptoms can appear more than twice a week, significantly affecting daily life and mental well-being. Causes Beyond Kidney Disease While many RLS cases are linked to CKD and iron deficiency, other health conditions also contribute. These include diabetes, peripheral neuropathy, and neurological disorders involving dopamine pathways, such as Parkinson's disease. Genetics also play a role, as the condition is known to run in families. In some individuals, no specific cause can be identified. Managing RLS: Treatment and Lifestyle Support Though there is currently no cure for RLS, various treatments can help manage symptoms. Addressing iron deficiency through supplementation, where appropriate, is often a primary focus in CKD patients. Limiting stimulants like caffeine, alcohol, and tobacco—especially in the evening—can also reduce symptom flare-ups. Other helpful strategies include: Establishing a consistent and calming bedtime routine Taking warm baths or using heating pads and ice packs Trying leg massages or gentle stretching before bed Using devices such as vibration pads or pressure wraps for temporary relief For patients with CKD, early identification and management of RLS can significantly improve sleep and overall well-being. Monitoring iron levels and treating deficiencies proactively is key in reducing symptom burden and improving quality of life.
Time of India
a day ago
- Health
- Time of India
Kidney health and Restless Legs Syndrome explained: Symptoms, causes, and cure
A recent study has identified chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients—especially those undergoing dialysis—as a group at significantly higher risk of developing Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS). The research highlights that RLS symptoms are highly prevalent in this population and are closely associated with iron deficiency, a condition frequently seen in CKD due to chronic inflammation, poor dietary intake, and blood loss. A 2016 meta-analysis found that nearly one in four CKD patients experiences RLS, with higher rates among those on hemodialysis. Further, brain imaging and cerebrospinal fluid studies have shown lower iron concentrations in certain areas in RLS patients, suggesting that central, rather than peripheral, iron deficiency is more relevant to symptom development. In CKD, this imbalance is often worsened by dialysis-related blood loss and systemic inflammation. The study further noted that CKD patients with RLS had lower levels of serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, and serum iron, along with elevated TIBC, pointing to both absolute and functional iron deficiency. These findings underscore the importance of early detection and iron-targeted therapy in managing RLS symptoms and improving overall quality of life in CKD patients. by Taboola by Taboola Sponsored Links Sponsored Links Promoted Links Promoted Links You May Like Giao dịch CFD với công nghệ và tốc độ tốt hơn IC Markets Đăng ký Undo What is Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)? Restless Legs Syndrome—also called Willis-Ekbom Disease—is a neurological and sensory condition characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs. It typically occurs during periods of rest or inactivity, especially in the evening or at night, making it a sleep-disrupting disorder. The condition tends to worsen in the evening and improves with movement. People often describe the sensations as aching, itching, throbbing, crawling, or pulling in the legs. Though it mostly affects the legs, it can occasionally impact the arms too. Signs and symptoms of RLS RLS symptoms can range from mild to severe and vary from person to person. Some of its key features include: Discomfort after resting: Symptoms typically start when you're sitting or lying down for long periods, for example during a long drive, or while watching a move in a theatre. Relief with movement: Stretching, pacing, or leg simple movement helps temporarily improve the symptoms. Worse at night: Many experience trouble falling or staying asleep. Night time twitching: RLS may be associated with another, more common condition called periodic limb movement of sleep, wherein the legs twitch and kick during sleep, possibly throughout the night. Impact on mood and focus: Chronic fatigue, depression, and difficulty concentrating are common. In severe cases, RLS symptoms occur more than twice a week and can interfere with work, social life, and mental health. What causes RLS? Often, there's no known cause for restless legs syndrome. However several contributing factors have been identified. Genetics appear to play a role, as RLS often runs in families. One of the most significant medical links is iron deficiency, especially low levels of iron in the brain, which interferes with dopamine production—an essential chemical for smooth muscle control. RLS is also frequently seen in people with chronic illnesses such as diabetes, kidney disease, and peripheral neuropathy. Additionally, problems in the brain's dopamine pathways, similar to those seen in Parkinson's disease, have been associated with RLS. Managing RLS: What helps? Currently there is no cure for RLS but its symptoms can often be managed with the right combination of treatment and lifestyle adjustments. The first step towards tackling the issue is to address and acknowledge underlying conditions like iron deficiency, diabetes, or sleep apnea. People with RLS are often advised to avoid or limit their intake of caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine, especially in the evening. In order to reduce the nighttime symptoms, it has been observed that Creating a regular sleep routine and maintaining a calming bedtime environment has a positive effect on the body. Further, warm baths, leg massages, or the use of heating pads and ice packs also give relief. Some devices like vibration pads or specially designed foot wraps that apply gentle pressure have also proved to provide temporary relief. One step to a healthier you—join Times Health+ Yoga and feel the change
Los Angeles Times
5 days ago
- Health
- Los Angeles Times
Restless Legs Syndrome: What Works and What Doesn't
Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) (also known as Willis Ekbom disease) is more than just an annoying urge to move your legs—it's a neurological condition and a sleep disorder that can seriously disrupt sleep and daily life. An irresistible urge to move, especially in the evening or when lying down, is often paired with uncomfortable sensations—such as tingling, aching, or crawling—that are a hallmark of the condition and are only relieved by movement. These symptoms of restless legs are most noticeable during periods of rest or inactivity. For many, this cycle of discomfort leads to poor sleep, irritability, and fatigue that affects their overall well-being. RLS often begins in middle age, but it can develop earlier or later. People may develop RLS due to genetic factors or underlying medical conditions. In addition, periodic limb movement disorder is a related sleep disorder that can further disrupt sleep in those with RLS. The good news? RLS is treatable. The 2025 clinical guidelines from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) recommend a personalized treatment approach, combining medications, iron therapy, and lifestyle modifications [1]. Let's explore the latest evidence and strategies to help patients get relief and better rest. Iron plays a surprisingly central role in RLS. Low ferritin levels—an indicator of iron storage—are strongly linked to symptom severity. Iron deficiency is a common underlying cause of RLS. When ferritin levels fall below 75 ng/mL, the AASM recommends initiating oral iron therapy with ferrous sulfate [1]. Diagnosis of RLS often involves taking a thorough medical history, using a sleep diary to track symptoms and sleep patterns, and evaluating for other sleep conditions. Blood tests are used to check for iron deficiency and to rule out other causes such as kidney failure and sleep apnea. Why? Because restoring iron stores can significantly reduce or even eliminate RLS symptoms in many cases. This is especially important in children, pregnant women—who are at increased risk for RLS due to iron and folate deficiencies—and adults who don't require other medications. Think of iron as the body's fuel for dopamine production—something that RLS patients tend to lack. If the tank's empty, symptoms flare. For those with absorption issues or extremely low levels, intravenous (IV) iron may be an option under medical supervision. But in most cases, a daily iron supplement can be a simple, effective starting point. Dopaminergic medications have long been the go-to treatment for RLS. Drugs like ropinirole, pramipexole, and rotigotine are dopamine agonist medications that mimic dopamine, specifically the brain chemical dopamine, which is a chemical messenger dopamine involved in muscle movement and sensory regulation. These drugs work by increasing dopamine levels in the brain and acting on dopamine receptors to relieve symptoms. They can be very effective—especially in the early stages of treatment. Ropinirole, in particular, is FDA-approved and backed by three robust clinical trials. These studies showed notable improvements in the International RLS Rating Scale (IRLS) and Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement Scale (CGI-I) at an average dose of 2 mg/day over 12 weeks [2] [3]. But there's a catch. Over time, some patients experience 'augmentation'—a worsening of symptoms, either earlier in the day or in new body parts. Others may develop side effects like nausea, dizziness, impulse control disorder (such as compulsive gambling or shopping), daytime drowsiness, or weight gain. Symptoms occur when side effects or augmentation develop, and certain medications—including antipsychotic drugs and anti seizure medications—can interact with dopaminergic agents or worsen RLS symptoms. Some medications can worsen symptoms, worsen RLS, or make RLS symptoms worse, so monitoring is needed to prevent symptoms worse and worsening symptoms. Because of these risks, the 2025 AASM guideline recommends limiting dopaminergic agents to carefully selected patients and emphasizing routine monitoring [1]. For many, these medications still play an important role in treating RLS, especially in severe RLS cases, but with caution and close follow-up to treat RLS, relieve symptoms, and ensure that treating RLS does not lead to further complications. When dopamine agonists aren't suitable—due to side effects, contraindications, or comorbidities like end-stage renal disease (ESRD)—other medication classes come into play. These medications are also used to treat periodic limb movement disorder, a related sleep disorder. Periodic limb movement and periodic limb movements are common in RLS and can disrupt sleep, making their management important for overall sleep quality. Patients with developing RLS in middle age or those with early onset (before age 45) may particularly benefit from these alternatives. Gabapentin and gabapentin enacarbil (a longer-acting version) are particularly helpful in RLS patients with sleep disturbances or pain. These alpha-2-delta ligands work by calming nerve activity and improving sleep quality. They act on the central nervous system, nervous system, and may affect the spinal cord to help control symptoms [6]. They're a go-to choice for people who can't tolerate dopamine drugs or who are at high risk for augmentation. In rare, severe cases, extended-release oxycodone may be prescribed. But opioids are considered a last resort due to concerns around tolerance, dependence, and long-term safety [1]. There is also an increased risk of adverse effects, including dependence and other complications. That said, for patients with refractory RLS who have exhausted other options, carefully monitored opioid use can provide much-needed, though often only temporary relief. Guidelines for these medications are developed by a combined task force of experts in the field of clinical sleep medicine, ensuring recommendations are evidence-based and up to date. Medications aren't the only answer. In fact, combining drug therapy with non-pharmacological treatments often leads to the best outcomes—especially for those with mild to moderate RLS or who want to minimize medication use. Simple lifestyle changes—such as improving sleep hygiene, adjusting daily routines, and avoiding triggers—can also play a key role in managing RLS symptoms. A 2019 systematic review highlighted several low-risk interventions with emerging benefits [4] [5]: For ESRD patients, cool dialysate and intradialytic stretching have been shown to reduce RLS severity during dialysis sessions. While more large-scale studies are needed, these approaches offer accessible, often cost-effective ways to support conventional treatments. RLS is one of several sleep disorders, and consulting a sleep specialist may be helpful for complex or persistent cases. Whether you're starting iron therapy, trying ropinirole, or exploring non-drug therapies, ongoing monitoring is essential. Symptoms may wax and wane, and medications can lose effectiveness or cause side effects over time. Regular follow-up visits allow healthcare providers to: For many patients, managing RLS becomes a long-term balancing act—but one that's highly achievable with the right support and care plan. Restless Legs Syndrome may not be dangerous, but it can take a serious toll on sleep, mental health, and quality of life. Fortunately, there are more treatment options than ever—ranging from iron supplements and dopamine agonists to gabapentin, opioids, and innovative non-drug therapies. What matters most is a personalized, evidence-based approach. For patients, that means partnering with a knowledgeable provider, staying open to a combination of treatments, and committing to regular check-ins. Relief is possible—and better sleep is well within reach. [1] Winkelman, J. W., Berkowski, J. A., DelRosso, L. M., Koo, B. B., Scharf, M. T., Sharon, D., Zak, R. S., Kazmi, U., Falck-Ytter, Y., Shelgikar, A. V., Trotti, L. M., & Walters, A. S. (2025). Treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline. Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 21(1), 137–152. [2] Harrison, E. G., Keating, J. L., & Morgan, P. E. (2019). Non-pharmacological interventions for restless legs syndrome: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Disability and rehabilitation, 41(17), 2006–2014. [3] Bega, D., & Malkani, R. (2016). Alternative treatment of restless legs syndrome: an overview of the evidence for mind-body interventions, lifestyle interventions, and neutraceuticals. Sleep medicine, 17, 99–105. [4] Ferini-Strambi L. (2009). Treatment options for restless legs syndrome. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 10(4), 545–554. [5] Chen, J. J., Lee, T. H., Tu, Y. K., Kuo, G., Yang, H. Y., Yen, C. L., Fan, P. C., & Chang, C. H. (2022). Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for restless legs syndrome in end-stage kidney disease: a systematic review and component network meta-analysis. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 37(10), 1982–1992. [6] Anguelova, G. V., Vlak, M. H. M., Kurvers, A. G. Y., & Rijsman, R. M. (2020). Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Treatment of Restless Legs Syndrome. Sleep medicine clinics, 15(2), 277–288.
The National
14-06-2025
- Entertainment
- The National
Poetry's curious relationship with power is seen in stone voices
This week, lines from three of our National Makar's works were unveiled on the wall – from Liz Lochhead, Jackie Kay and Kathleen Jamie. The method is beautiful. Words are carved into geologically specific types of Scottish stone – Achnaba Schist from Lochgilphead for Liz; Ailsa Craig granite from Ayrshire for Jackie; Dalbeattie granite from Dumfriesshire for Kathleen. Stone voices indeed, as Neal Ascherson once put it. These new rocks disturb another kind of ancient continuity. For the first 10 years of the wall, as chosen by an all-male panel, there were no female writers (the worker-poet Mary Brooksbank was included in 2009, along with Norman MacCaig). READ MORE: Jeremy Corbyn says police 'picked on him' as Gaza protest case dropped Rennie Mackintosh, RLS, Gray, Henderson, MacCaig, Morgan, two from Burns, three from MacDiarmid … Many of the quotes are undeniably inspirational (I hold close to me MacDiarmid's 'Scotland small? Our multiform, our infinite Scotland small?' and Fletcher of Saltoun's 'If a man were permitted to make all the ballads, he need not care who should make the laws of a nation'). But no Muriel Spark, Janice Galloway, Nan Shepherd, Naomi Mitchison? There is now at least some rectification of the sexism of the original list. The new verses fit into the wall's predominant theme, which is to hymn a progressive Scottish national identity. Lochhead provides a clear injunction to the country's politicians within (and the citizens without): 'this our one small country… our one, wondrous,spinning, dear green place. What shall we build of it, together in this our one small time and space?' Kay's lines – 'Where do you come from? 'Here,' I said, 'Here. These parts''– is short and sharp about those who cannot conjugate her broad Scots speech and her black skin. Jamie's contribution initially seems a little psychedelic (which I welcome): 'Be brave: by the weird-song in the dark you'll find your way'. Until you realise that this was one of the weekly poems she composed through the referendum year of 2014. 'Weird-song in the dark' seems all too descriptive of the goal of indy right now. So if this is largely 'patriotic verse' – and it would be a pluralistic Parliament wall that had anything else – it's our love of a complex and surprising, rather than purist and monolithic nation that's being articulated here. It looks like there are scores of other potential poetic gaps in the Canongate Wall. Let's see what treasures will be selected under the conditions of a future Scotland. Poetry and power, as I survey the landscape locally and globally, have a curious relationship. The great modern Scottish poet Don Paterson, in his impressive (and funny) 2017 book The Poem, reminds us that poetry has the deepest roots. It stems from the need of pre-literate humans to share information – emotive stories as well as hard facts – about what might aid their survival, via intensely memorable forms of speech and language. However, while prose evokes, says Paterson – it specifies the item required – poetry invokes, 'calling down its subject from above'. This is a magical-seeming process in which 'audience and artist collude', both agreeing to 'create the poem, through the investment of an excess of imaginative energy'. Look around the interwebs, and this is the role that poetry is still being given, when it's discussed in the public sphere. Charley Locke in The New York Times earlier this year wrote about 'the morning ritual that helps me resist the algorithm'. Which is that, upon waking, she doesn't reach for her phone, but tries to memorise a poem with pen and paper. This poem-ingestion has 'made me better at noticing', says Locke. 'The particularity of a poem, rolling around in the back of my head, reminds me how to look for repetition and snags elsewhere, to hear both text and subtext. 'I think I'm more perceptive, a better observer of both art and the people I love … In my idle mind, instead of defaulting to whatever demands my attention, I move toward a precise, generous beauty,' Locke concludes. Poetry as an 'excess investment of imaginative energy' looms large in the writings of Franco 'Bifo' Berardi. Bifo is a wild-haired Italian radical from the 1970s (who is also a conceptual darling of the contemporary art circuit). He redefines poetry as 'the error' (in any piece of culture, not just words on a page) 'that leads to the discovery of new continents of meaning … The excess that contains new imaginations and new possibilities'. Berardi counterposes this 'poetry' to our over-measured, over-surveilled, depression-inducing, tech-dominated present. He urges young folks, diminished by apprehension about their future prospects, to practice it furiously – and replenish themselves. These poetic activities sound like the spoken-word, 'slam' poetry scene of the early 2000s in Scotland, as described by Jenny Lindsay in the Scottish-themed edition of the current Irish Pages. Going by the mantra 'if it doesn't exist, create it!', Lindsay recalls that 'we wrote for audiences, not for snooty poets and writers. And the liveness was key, the audience reaction our main critic'. The 'scene' (as Lindsay describes it) fell prey to culture wars, entertainingly described by poetry maven Colin Waters as 'a punch-up in a phone box'. Yet Lindsay also profiles how social media, and the marketed self it enables, has also changed – or perhaps incorporated – the pathways of poets. She notes Rupi Kaur's 4.4 million followers on Instagram, her self-help poems accompanied by evocative line drawings. This produced a first volume that sold two million book copies. Perhaps the algorithms might not be so antipathetic to the poetic voice, after all … I guess it depends on the poetry – whether, as Ezra Pound once put it, it's 'the news that stays news'. This week in Glasgow's Kelvin Hall, I was speaking on a panel to commemorate the centenary of a Scot who troublingly exemplifies Berardi's version of the disruptively 'poetic': Alexander Trocchi. Situationist; writer of manifestos, existential novels, pornography (and poetry); both publisher of Beckett and Neruda, and drug dealer/pimp …Trocchi crashed the doors of the palace of excess, in both constructive and destructive ways. Read his essay in the Scottish New Saltire journal of 1962, The Invisible Insurrection Of A Million Minds, and it remains spookily relevant to our times. Think of this in the context of memes and networks: 'We envisage an organisation whose structure and mechanisms are infinitely elastic; we see it as the gradual crystallisation of a regenerative cultural force, a perpetual brainwave, creative intelligence everywhere recognising and affirming its own involvement … Trocchi describes further this poetic action: 'Without indignation, by a kind of mental ju-jitsu that is ours by virtue of intelligence, of modifying, correcting, polluting, deflecting, corrupting, eroding, outflanking … inspiring what we might call the invisible insurrection.' READ MORE: Charles Rennie Mackintosh building 'at significant risk' from O2 ABC plan Insurrection out of what, against what, though? I can see the current terrain clearly enough. Levels of trust in politics and business-as-usual are vertiginously low; the very worst could be the beneficiaries of it. Empowerment at the everyday level has to be paid much, much more than the present lip-service. All political classes should be on high alert. Yet the sight of poetry from socialists, feminists, decolonisers, aesthetes and idealists, carved into the stone walls of a (putatively) people's parliament, holds out some tiny prospect for me. Is national progress still possible in Scotland? Can we still work as if we live 'in the early days of a better nation', as Alasdair Gray's inscription (on Iona marble) puts it? I think the poets, old and new on the Canongate Wall, say 'aye'.
