Latest news with #PPIs
Medscape
3 days ago
- Health
- Medscape
Medications During Infancy May Shape Future Allergy Risk
Exposure to acid-suppressive medications or antimicrobials in infancy was linked to higher risks for food allergies and anaphylaxis in early childhood, with the risks increasing further with multiple antimicrobial prescriptions. METHODOLOGY: Researchers conducted a retrospective study using the US TriNetX Network to examine whether the use of acid-suppressive medications or antimicrobials during infancy influences the risk of developing allergic diseases in childhood. They identified infants who were prescribed proton pump inhibitors (PPIs; n = 15,375), histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs; n = 42,913), at least one antibiotic course (n = 740,121), or three or more antibiotic courses (n = 163,098) during the first year of life and compared them with 1,510,074 infants who received none of these medications during their first 2 years. Three allergic outcomes, namely anaphylaxis, food allergy, and atopic dermatitis, were assessed at 2 years of age. TAKEAWAY: Infants prescribed PPIs during their first year of life had more than a fivefold higher risk for food allergy (risk ratio [RR], 5.33; 95% CI, 4.97-5.71) and nearly a 2.5-fold higher risk for anaphylaxis (RR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.40-4.41) by 2 years of age than unexposed infants. Similarly, infants prescribed H2RAs had a 4.2-fold higher risk for food allergy (RR, 4.21; 95% CI, 4.01-4.41), a 1.4-fold higher risk for atopic dermatitis (RR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.35-1.48), and nearly a 4.5-fold higher risk for anaphylaxis (RR, 4.48; 95% CI, 3.43-5.86) than unexposed infants. Infants with at least one antimicrobial prescription during infancy showed nearly twice the risk for food allergy and more than twice the risk for both atopic dermatitis and anaphylaxis than unexposed infants. Infants who received three or more antimicrobial prescriptions in their first year faced sharply elevated 2-year risks compared with unexposed infants — nearly 2.8-fold for food allergy, 3.4-fold for atopic dermatitis, and 3.7-fold for anaphylaxis. IN PRACTICE: 'The composition of the gut microbiota is strongly associated with allergic manifestations, as the commensal bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract promote healthy development of the gut immune system with promotion of food tolerance,' the study authors wrote. 'Antibiotic exposure disrupts these microbial communities, which in turn affects individuals' immune response and likely increases their susceptibility for allergic manifestations,' they added. SOURCE: Mohamad R. Chaaban, with the Head & Neck Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, was the corresponding author of the study, which was published online on May 30 in the Journal of Clinical Medicine . LIMITATIONS: The misdiagnosis of infant food allergies as gastroesophageal reflux disease and higher acid-suppressive medication use in more severe cases may have confounded the associations between these medications and food allergy. DISCLOSURES: This project was supported in part by the Clinical and Translational Science Collaborative of Northern Ohio, which is funded by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health. The authors reported having no conflicts of interest.
NDTV
23-05-2025
- Health
- NDTV
Should You Consider Taking Antacids For The Long Run?
Antacids are among the most commonly used over-the-counter medications to relieve heartburn, indigestion, and acid reflux. They offer quick relief by neutralising stomach acid, making them a go-to remedy for millions. But while they are effective in the short term, long-term use of antacids is a growing concern among healthcare professionals. According to the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA), prolonged use of antacids, especially without medical supervision, can lead to nutrient deficiencies, altered gut function, and increased risk of kidney and bone issues. So, should you consider taking antacids for the long haul? Let's explore the science behind long-term use and what you should watch out for. Understanding how antacids work and their implications Antacids work by neutralising excess stomach acid, offering temporary relief from symptoms like heartburn and bloating. However, they don't treat the root cause of acid reflux or indigestion, and prolonged use can suppress natural digestive functions. Here are some key concerns and complications linked to continuous or unsupervised use of antacids. 1. Nutrient deficiencies Long-term use of antacids, especially proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), can hinder the absorption of essential nutrients such as the following mentioned below. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) warns that prolonged PPI use has been linked with osteoporosis-related fractures. a. Vitamin B12 Low stomach acid affects absorption, increasing the risk of anaemia and neurological issues. b. Calcium and magnesium Reduced absorption can lead to weaker bones and muscle cramps. c. Iron Essential for haemoglobin, iron levels may drop over time, leading to fatigue and weakness. 2. Risk of kidney problems Some studies suggest that long-term antacid use may be associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease. PPIs in particular have been shown to potentially cause the risk of following health conditions. It is advisable to undergo periodic kidney function tests if you're using antacids regularly. a. Damage kidney tissues b. Contribute to the development of interstitial nephritis c. Lead to long-term renal impairment if left unmanaged 3. Increased risk of infections By suppressing stomach acid, long-term antacid use may reduce the stomach's natural defence mechanism, allowing harmful bacteria to flourish. The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that reducing stomach acid can compromise your gut's immune function. This may include the following health risks. a. Increase the risk of Clostridium difficile infections b. Lead to bacterial overgrowth in the gut c. Make one more prone to gastrointestinal issues like diarrhoea 4. Masking of underlying conditions Relying on antacids for too long can mask more serious gastrointestinal disorders such as the following. If symptoms like heartburn, bloating, or nausea persist for weeks, a proper medical evaluation is crucial. a. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) b. Peptic ulcers c. Helicobacter pylori infection d. Stomach cancer 5. Rebound acidity When stopped suddenly after long-term use, especially with PPIs, the stomach may produce even more acid than before, a phenomenon known as rebound hyperacidity. This can worsen symptoms and create a dependency loop on antacids. When and how to use antacids safely If you need antacids occasionally, they are generally safe. However, for long-term relief, consider the following. Also, consider alternatives like H2 blockers, only under professional guidance. a. Consulting a gastroenterologist before prolonged use b. Exploring dietary and lifestyle changes to manage symptoms c. Using the lowest effective dose under supervision d. Regularly monitoring nutrient levels and kidney function While antacids are a convenient solution for occasional discomfort, they aren't designed for long-term use without medical advice. Prolonged use can lead to serious health complications and mask underlying conditions. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) and leading gastroenterologists, it's best to address the root cause of acidity through medical care, lifestyle changes, and proper dietary habits for long-term wellness. Disclaimer: This content including advice provides generic information only. It is in no way a substitute for a qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist or your own doctor for more information. NDTV does not claim responsibility for this information.
Business Standard
19-05-2025
- Business
- Business Standard
ZikZuk Receives In-Principle Approval from RBI for Issuance of Prepaid Payment Instruments (PPIs)
VMPL Hyderabad (Telangana) [India], May 19: ZikZuk, a fast-growing fintech startup headquartered in Hyderabad, announces that it has received in-principle authorisation from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to issue Prepaid Payment Instruments (PPI). With this strategic approval, ZikZuk is set to enter India's dynamic digital payments space with powerful prepaid wallet and card-based payment offerings. PPIs are instruments that facilitate the purchase of goods and services, conduct financial services, and enable remittance facilities, against the value of money stored within themselves. PPIs are designed to facilitate cashless transactions. Some of the applications of PPI include smart cards for mass transit & travel, digital wallets, or mobile apps that store money for financial transactions. Users can load money and use them for various payments, including online purchases, bill payments & in-store transactions. RBI now allows users of PPIs to conduct UPI payments through third-party UPI apps like Cred, Google Pay, Amazon Pay, etc. With this approval from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), PPI issuers can issue prepaid wallets and cards and enable UPI payments. ZikZuk is set to operate as a full-fledged domestic player in one of the world's most dynamic FinTech markets. "We're extremely excited to receive this in-principle approval from the RBI," said Rahul Rasa, Co-founder of ZikZuk Technologies. "This is a big step in our journey to build innovative financial products from the ground up, designed specifically for the Indian market. With PPIs, we'll be able to empower users with secure, seamless, and scalable digital payment tools." This approval signals the RBI's growing support for new-age Indian fintech players, enabling them to participate more meaningfully in the country's expanding digital economy. ZikZuk's entry into the PPI space is expected to bring fresh energy and user-first innovations to a sector currently dominated by established names such as PhonePe, Paytm, MobiKwik, Scapia, and Jupiter. With this green light from the RBI, ZikZuk joins a select group of companies poised to shape the future of India's digital payment infrastructure.
Irish Daily Mirror
25-04-2025
- Health
- Irish Daily Mirror
Irish people warned common drug increases dementia risk by a third
A new study suggests that prolonged use of a common acid reflux drug could heighten the risk of dementia by a third. Researchers discovered that individuals taking proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for over 4.4 years had a 33% increased chance of being diagnosed with dementia. PPIs are frequently prescribed to treat acid reflux, which occurs when stomach acid backs up into the oesophagus, often leading to heartburn or ulcers. Persistent acid reflux can evolve into gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD), affecting up to 20% of people in Ireland and potentially raising the risk of oesophageal cancer. These drugs aim to suppress acid production by acting on stomach lining enzymes. Despite their effectiveness, PPIs have been previously associated with various health issues, including strokes, bone fractures, and kidney disease. Published in the journal Neurology, the study does not establish a direct causal link but points out a strong correlation, as reported by SurreyLive, reports the Mirror. The study's lead author, Professor Kamakshi Lakshminarayan from the University of Minnesota, stated: "Proton pump inhibitors are useful for managing acid reflux, but long-term use has been tied to several health concerns. In this study, we wanted to explore whether they could also be linked to dementia." The study spanned over 5,700 participants aged 45 and above, all dementia-free at inception. With a mean age of 75, the usage of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) by these individuals was tracked through both in-person sessions and yearly telephonic updates. Out of the cohort, 1,490 participants (26%) were PPI users, grouped by usage duration: up to 2.8 years, between 2.8 and 4.4 years, and beyond 4.4 years. Throughout the 5.5-year average tracking period, dementia developed in 585 of the participants (10%). For those on PPIs past the 4.4-year mark, dementia appeared in 24 out of every 1,000 person-years, versus 19 per 1,000 for non-users. Even when accounting for variables such as age, gender, ethnicity, and underlying conditions like hypertension and diabetes, researchers found a 33% uptick in dementia risk among long-term PPI consumers. However, this heightened risk did not present for shorter-term users under the 4.4-year threshold. Professor Lakshminarayan stressed the necessity of professional medical advice before altering any treatment regimen. "There are alternative ways to manage acid reflux, including antacids, diet changes, and maintaining a healthy weight," she outlined. "But not all approaches work for everyone. Anyone taking these medications should speak with their doctor first, as stopping PPIs suddenly can worsen symptoms." She further noted the need for additional studies to elucidate the connection and its underlying mechanisms. Subscribe to our newsletter for the latest news from the Irish Mirror direct to your inbox: Sign up here.
Daily Record
25-04-2025
- Health
- Daily Record
The common medication scientists warn could be increasing your risk of dementia
A worrying study has found that a common medication could put people at higher risk of developing dementia . Long-term use of a standard acid reflux table may increase the risk of the degenerative disease by as much as a third, according to the new research. The study, which was published in the Neurology journal, found that those using proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for a period of more than 4.4 years were 33 per cent more likely to be diagnosed with the incurable condition. PPIs are a widely-used medication in the treatment of acid reflux, where stomach acid flows up into the oesophagus and often causes heartburn or painful ulcers. Regular reflux can lead to gastroesophageal reflux disease, a condition which can lead to oesophageal cancer, Surrey Live reports. The medication targets enzymes in the stomach lining to reduce acid production and decrease the risk of reflux. Although they are an effective treatment, PPIs have previously been linked to health risks including stroke, bone fractures, and kidney disease. The new research, led by a team from the University of Minnesota, didn't prove a direct cause-and-effect relationship between PPIs and dementia, but did highlight a link between the two. Professor Kamakshi Lakshminarayan, a vascular neurologist from the American university and lead author of the study, revealed that the team wanted to analyse any potential link due to the other health concerns previously associated with the medication. She said: "Proton pump inhibitors are useful for managing acid reflux, but long-term use has been tied to several health concerns. In this study, we wanted to explore whether they could also be linked to dementia.' More than 5,700 participants aged 45 and older were involved in the large-scale study. When the research began, none of them had been diagnosed with dementia. The team used in-person study visits and annual phone check-ins to monitor the use of PPIs in the participants, who had an average age of 75. Of the group, 1,490 (26%) had taken PPIs and were categorised by duration of use: up to 2.8 years, between 2.8 and 4.4 years, and more than 4.4 years. Over an average follow-up of 5.5 years, 585 participants (10%) developed dementia. Among those who used PPIs for more than 4.4 years, 24 out of every 1,000 person-years developed dementia, compared to 19 per 1,000 person-years in those who didn't take the medication. The research team adjusted for a variety of factors, including age, gender, race, and conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes, and were able to conclude that there was a 33 per cent higher risk of dementia in the long-term PPI users. No increased risk was found for those who took the drugs for less than 4.4 years. But despite the results, Professor Lakshminarayan highlighted the importance of consulting a doctor before making any changes to treatment. She said: 'There are alternative ways to manage acid reflux, including antacids, diet changes, and maintaining a healthy weight. But not all approaches work for everyone. "Anyone taking these medications should speak with their doctor first, as stopping PPIs suddenly can worsen symptoms.' She also added that more research is required to better understand the link between the medication and dementia, as well as the mechanisms behind it.
