Latest news with #Gram-negative
Arabian Post
12-06-2025
- Health
- Arabian Post
Breakthrough Antibiotic to Combat Deadly Superbug Advances
Swiss pharmaceutical firm Roche has advanced its antibiotic candidate, zosurabalpin, into Phase 3 clinical trials, representing a potential landmark in the fight against Gram-negative bacterial infections. Targeting carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, the drug could mark the first approval of a novel antibiotic class in more than 50 years. Zosurabalpin, a tethered macrocyclic peptide developed in collaboration with Harvard University, disrupts the outer lipopolysaccharide membrane essential for bacterial survival. Early-stage studies demonstrated favourable safety and pharmacokinetic profiles, while animal models of lung and thigh infections caused by CRAB confirmed its therapeutic potential. Roche anticipates enrolling approximately 400 hospitalised patients worldwide in the upcoming trial round, with the aim of comparing zosurabalpin directly against current standard-of-care antibiotics. The urgency of this development is underscored by CRAB's classification by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as an 'urgent threat' and by the World Health Organization as a high priority pathogen. Infection fatality rates hover around 40–60%, particularly among immunocompromised patients such as those in intensive care. Existing antibiotics are often ineffective due to CRAB's robust outer membranes that thwart drug penetration. ADVERTISEMENT Phase 3 trials are scheduled to begin late this year or in early 2026, spanning over 100 global sites and aiming for regulatory submission by the decade's end. Roche executives emphasise that approval would not only address a dire clinical need but also serve as a catalyst for renewed antibiotic research, especially against Gram-negative organisms. 'Finding new classes is very hard,' noted Michael Lobritz, Roche's global head of infectious diseases; approval could lay groundwork for future innovation. Roche has previously stepped back from antibiotic R&D, but a reinvestment around ten years ago has now yielded zosurabalpin. The firm is simultaneously exploring additional novel compounds, including a LepB inhibitor targeting carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative pathogens in urinary tract infections. Efforts to restore antibiotic pipelines have gained traction from policymakers. The UK introduced a subscription-style payment model to support antimicrobial development, decoupling revenue from volume to ensure steady returns. The US is now considering similar incentives. Such frameworks aim to overcome financial disincentives that have plagued the industry, contributing to the closure of many smaller biotechs focusing on antibiotics. Meanwhile, complementary research is underway. A novel molecule named lariocidin was identified from soil bacteria by scientists at McMaster University. It targets the bacterial ribosome through a distinctive lasso-peptide structure but remains in preclinical stages. Similarly, researchers at MIT and McMaster have used artificial-intelligence methods to develop abaucin, a narrow-spectrum compound effective in killing CRAB. Both discoveries offer hope for expanding the antibiotic pipeline beyond zosurabalpin. Zosurabalpin's mechanism of action—from inhibiting lipopolysaccharide transport to compromising the bacterial envelope—distinguishes it from older therapies, which have often been broad-spectrum and prone to fostering resistance. By contrast, this new agent is narrow-spectrum, tailored to CRAB and avoiding pre-existing resistance mechanisms. The evolving antibiotic landscape now features roughly 20 candidates in clinical development for high-priority pathogens, though historical attrition rates remain troubling. Financial instability has led to the collapse of several promising antibiotic-focused firms, exemplified by Achaogen's bankruptcy in 2019 shortly after FDA approval of plazomicin. In light of these challenges, zosurabalpin represents a critical test case: its success could prove the viability of targeted, high-impact antibiotic development supported by improved economic incentives. As Roche and its collaborators gear up for the pivotal Phase 3 trial, global health advocates view the outcome not only as a potential therapeutic breakthrough, but as a signal of renewed momentum in a sector long plagued by stagnation.
India Today
02-06-2025
- Health
- India Today
Superbugs are spreading as India faces gaps in drug supply, access to treatment
While antibiotics are being overused in some places, leading to the rise of deadly superbugs, in other parts of the world, people are dying because they can't access these life-saving drugs at all.A study, published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases, was led by the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP), a non-profit that works to improve access to antibiotics, looked at nearly 1.5 million cases of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative (CRGN) bacteria across eight low- and middle-income countries, including India, Brazil, and South bacteria are dangerous because they are resistant to "last-line" antibiotics. These are medicines that are used when all others fail. Yet, the study found that only 6.9% of patients in these countries received the right CARRIES THE HEAVIEST BURDENIndia had the largest number of cases among all countries studied. It also procured 80% of the full antibiotic courses examined. But despite this, only 7.8% of people with CRGN infections received the proper points to a gap between drug supply and actual access to treatment.A full course of antibiotics means the complete number of doses a patient must take to fully fight off an infection. The study found that only 6.9% of patients in 8 countries, including India, received the right treatment. () advertisementMissing out on even a part of this treatment makes it less effective and more dangerous in the long drug-resistant bacteria are commonly found in water, food, the environment, and even in our own bodies. They can cause serious infections like urinary tract infections (UTIs), pneumonia, and food babies, elderly people, and hospital patients are especially at risk, particularly those in intensive care units (ICUs).CRGN infections are tough to treat because the bacteria no longer responds to some of the most powerful antibiotics we have. This is where the crisis deepens: in places where these infections are rising, the drugs needed to treat them are either missing or too ACCESS CRISISFor years, the focus has been on the overuse of to Dr. Jennifer Cohn, GARDP's Global Access Director, the reality is that many people in low- and middle-income countries with deadly drug-resistant infections are "dying because they can't get the antibiotics they need," she was quoted by study looked at eight different intravenous antibiotics that are active against these resistant bacteria. Bacterial infections are tough to treat because the bacteriano longer responds to some of the most powerful antibiotics we have. () Tigecycline, one of the drugs in the study, was the most widely used. But even then, only about 1 lakh full courses were available across all eight countries, far fewer than the 1.5 million people who needed ARE PATIENTS MISSING OUT?As per the study, there are many reasons why patients don't receive the right could be because they aren't reaching the right hospital or clinic, not getting an accurate diagnosis, not able to access the correct antibiotics or there's a high cost of newer of these antibiotics are simply too expensive for the average patient in countries like India. Without better policies, price regulation, and access programs, millions will continue to suffer or die POLICIESThe experts said that two things are needed urgently: stronger rules to prevent misuse of antibiotics and better systems to make them affordable and available to those who truly need access alone isn't enough. The world is also facing a shrinking pipeline of new fewer companies investing in antibiotic research, the options for treating future infections are has one of the highest burdens of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the world. But researchers say the country also holds great potential to lead the global fight against drug-resistant infections. India has one of the highest burdens of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the world. () India's strong pharmaceutical sector is already leading efforts in antibiotic innovation. From developing new drugs to improving diagnostics, the country has a head suggest that India can further improve by gathering local data. This would help identify what's needed, where the gaps are, and how to fix them. Some states are already trying new instance, Kerala is using a "hub-and-spoke" system where smaller clinics get support from larger hospitals in treating complex solution is pooled procurement, where hospitals or states buy drugs together in bulk, reducing costs. This has worked for cancer medicines and could be tried for antibiotics the end, the battle against superbugs is not just about using antibiotics wisely, it's also about making sure they're within everyone's Reel
Saudi Gazette
02-06-2025
- Health
- Saudi Gazette
Deadly superbugs thrive as access to antibiotics falters in India
DELHI — It's a grim paradox, doctors say. On the one hand, antibiotics are being overused until they no longer work, driving resistance and fuelling the rise of deadly superbugs. On the other hand, people are dying because they can't access these life-saving drugs. A new study by the non-profit Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP) looked at access to antibiotics for nearly 1.5 million cases of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative (CRGN) infections across eight major low- and middle-income countries, including India, Brazil and South Africa. CRGN bacteria are superbugs resistant to last-line antibiotics — yet only 6.9% of patients received appropriate treatment in the countries studied. India bore the lion's share of CRGN infections and treatment efforts, procuring 80% of the full courses of studied antibiotics but managing to treat only 7.8% of its estimated cases, the study in The Lancet Infectious Diseases journal reports. (A full drug course of antibiotics refers to the complete set of doses that a patient needs to take over a specific period to fully treat an infection.) Common in water, food, the environment and the human gut, Gram-negative bacteria cause infections such as urinary tract infections (UTIs), pneumonia and food poisoning. They can pose a serious threat to newborns and the elderly alike. Especially vulnerable are hospital patients with weakened immunity, often spreading rapidly in ICUs and proving difficult - and sometimes impossible - to treat. Treating carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections is doubly difficult because those bacteria are resistant to some of the most powerful antibiotics."These infections are a daily reality across all age groups," says Dr Abdul Gaffar, infectious disease consultant at Apollo Hospital in India's Chennai city. "We often see patients for whom no antibiotic works — and they die."The irony is cruel. While the world tries to curb antibiotic overuse, a parallel tragedy plays out quietly in poorer nations: people dying from treatable infections because the right drugs are out of reach."For years, the dominant narrative has been that antibiotics are being overused, but the stark reality is that many people with highly drug-resistant infections in low- and middle-income countries are not getting access to the antibiotics they need," says Dr Jennifer Cohn, GARDP's Global Access Director and senior author of the study examined eight intravenous drugs active against carbapenem-resistant bacteria - ranging from older antibiotics including Colistin to newer ones such as Ceftazidime-avibactam. Of the few available drugs, Tigecycline was the most widely blame the treatment gap on weak health systems and limited access to effective example, only 103,647 full treatment courses were procured of Tigecycline across eight countries — far short of the 1.5 million patients who needed them, the study found. This highlighted a major shortfall in the global response to drug-resistant prevents patients with drug-resistant infections in India from getting the right antibiotics?Physicians point to multiple barriers - reaching the right health facility, getting accurate diagnostic tests, and accessing effective drugs. Cost remains a major hurdle, with many of these antibiotics priced far beyond the reach of poorer patients."Those who can afford these antibiotics often overuse them; those who can't, don't get them at all," says Dr Gaffar. "We need a system that ensures access for the poor and prevents misuse by the well-to-do."To improve access, these drugs must be made more affordable. To prevent misuse, stronger regulation is key."Ideally, every antibiotic prescription in hospitals should require a second sign-off - by an infection specialist or microbiologist," says Dr Gaffar. "Some hospitals do this, but most don't. With the right oversight, regulators can ensure this becomes standard practice."To fix the access problem and curb misuse, both smarter policies and stronger safeguards are essential, say researchers. But access alone won't solve the crisis - the pipeline of new antibiotics is drying up. The decline in antibiotic R&D - and the limited availability of existing drugs - is a global bears one of the world's heaviest burdens of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), but it may also hold the key to combating it - both at home and globally, researchers say."India is also one of the largest markets for new antibiotics and can successfully advocate for the development and access of new antibiotics," says Dr Cohn. With a strong pharmaceutical base, the country is emerging as a hub for AMR innovation, from promising new antibiotics to advanced Cohn says India can strengthen its antibiotic response by generating local data to better estimate needs and pinpoint gaps in the care would allow for more targeted interventions to improve access to the right models are already emerging - Kerala state, for instance, is using a "hub-and-spoke approach" to support lower-level facilities in managing serious infections. Coordinated or pooled procurement across hospitals or states could also reduce the cost of newer antibiotics, as seen with cancer drug programs, researchers access to the right antibiotics, modern medicine begins to unravel - doctors risk losing the ability to safely perform surgery, treat complications in cancer patients, or manage everyday infections."As an infectious disease doctor, I see appropriate use as one part - but only one part - of access," says Dr Gaffar. "When we get new antibiotics, it's important to save them on one hand - and save them for right patients."Clearly, the challenge is not just to use antibiotics wisely, but to ensure they reach those who need them most. — BBC
Yahoo
27-05-2025
- General
- Yahoo
First longhorned tick infected with life-threatening bacterium found in Fairfield County
NEW HAVEN, Conn. (WTNH) — The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Tuesday says they've found the first evidence of the invasive longhorned tick infected with the potentially life-threatening Ehrlichia chaffeensis in the United States. The tick was found in Fairfield County, a member of CAES said. Invasive ticks spread across more Connecticut counties According to CAES, Ehrlichia chaffeensis is a Gram-negative bacterium that mostly spreads through the lone star tick. It causes human monocytic ehrichiosis, which can start with a sudden high fever, headache, muscle aches, chills, and fatigue within the first weeks of infection. Symptoms may also progress to nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss or confusion. If its not treated quickly, HME can led to life-threatening symptoms like kidney failure and respiratory insufficiency, CAES said. Tick season 2025: What to know as disease risk rises Dr. Goudarz Molaei, a research scientist and medical entomologist who also directs the CAES Passive Tick and Tick-Borne Disease Surveillance Program (aka Tick Testing Laboratory) said: 'The first fully engorged human-parasitizing longhorned tick specimen was recorded by the CAES in 2018 from Fairfield, Connecticut, and the first populations of the tick were reported from this county in 2020. Since then, populations of longhorned ticks have expanded into a number of towns in Fairfield and New Haven Counties. Additionally, individual tick specimens have been collected from New London and other counties.' Native to eastern Asia, the longhorned tick thrives in warm and humid environments, CAES said. The longhorned tick has spread to 21 states since first discovered in the United States in 2017. It's primarily found in the east and northeast. It poses a serious danger to domestic and wild animals, especially livestock as it transmits a wide variety of pathogens, including ones that cause Lyme disease, anaplasmosis, and more. However, CAES said it's unknown if the tick can spready many of those disease agents. More information can be found on the Connecticut government website. Copyright 2025 Nexstar Media, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
Express Tribune
02-05-2025
- Health
- Express Tribune
Antibiotic access crisis fuels spread of superbugs in poorer countries
Listen to article Less than 7% of people with severe drug-resistant infections in low- and middle-income countries are receiving the antibiotics they need, according to a new study that warns the shortfall is fuelling deaths and driving the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The research, published in "The Lancet Infectious Diseases", estimates nearly 1.5 million infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative (CRGN) bacteria occurred across eight countries in 2019, resulting in almost 480,000 deaths. Yet, just under 104,000 appropriate antibiotic courses were distributed, covering only 6.9% of cases on average—ranging from as low as 0.2% in Kenya to around 15% in Mexico and Egypt. "The stark reality is that most people with highly drug-resistant infections are not getting access to the antibiotics they need," said Dr Jennifer Cohn, global access director at the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GardP), which led the study. CRGN infections—found in pneumonia, bloodstream infections and complicated urinary tract infections—are increasingly common and difficult to treat. When left without effective drugs, they result in longer illness, higher death rates and greater risk of spreading resistant strains. Cohn and her colleagues argue that global attention has focused too heavily on antibiotic overuse, while underestimating the lack of access in poorer regions. 'Innovative drugs are being introduced in wealthy nations,' she said. 'But the highest burden is not there.' The researchers studied data from Bangladesh, Brazil, Egypt, India, Kenya, Mexico, Pakistan and South Africa. They matched estimated CRGN cases to sales data of eight effective antibiotics, revealing the large treatment gap. AMR, which occurs when bacteria evolve to resist treatment, is forecast to kill 1.9 million people a year by 2050 if left unchecked. The report calls for urgent global investment in equitable access, similar to the international push that brought HIV drugs to Africa. Barriers to access include limited hospital availability, high treatment costs, and lack of national procurement systems. 'We can't just focus on stewardship in poorer countries and innovation in rich ones,' said Cohn. 'We need both, everywhere, at the same time.'
