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Business Recorder
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- Business
- Business Recorder
Weekly Cotton Review: Market shows signs of stability
KARACHI: The cotton market has shown signs of stability, with business activity also picking up. The spot rate has increased by Rs 300 per maund, marking a positive trend for traders and growers. Several ginning factories in Sindh and Punjab have partially resumed operations, while approximately 20,000 to 25,000 bales of phutti (seed cotton) have already arrived at ginning facilities. However, the textile and cotton ginning sectors are facing pressure due to recent budget measures. The continuation of sales tax on cotton, phutti, and other by-products, along with the decision to keep imported cotton tax-free, has negatively impacted the industry. Ehsan ul Haq, Chairman of the Cotton Ginners Forum, stated that these policies are having adverse effects. Abid Zaidi reported that authorities are closely monitoring the cotton crop situation in Pakistan. Agricultural experts from the CCRI Multan have issued recommendations for cotton growers, valid until June 30. Sajid Mahmood explained that the guidelines provide detailed instructions on crop maintenance and strategies to address potential challenges. During the past week, the local cotton market witnessed overall price stability with relatively better trading activity. In Sindh province, cotton prices ranged between Rs 16,300 to Rs 16,700 per maund, while in Punjab, prices stood at Rs 16,800 to Rs 17,200 per maund. Meanwhile, phutti (seed cotton) was traded at Rs 7,700 to Rs 8,500 per 40 kg in Sindh and Rs 8,000 to Rs 8,800 per 40 kg in Punjab. Currently, two to three ginning factories are operational in both Sindh and Punjab, leading to increased cotton trading. Several mills are actively purchasing new cotton, while the arrival of phutti has also been gradually rising. In the recent budget, the government eliminated the Export Facilitation Scheme (EFS) for the textile and ginning sectors on the import of cotton and fabric. However, ginners had hoped for the removal of multiple taxes imposed on them, but the budget only introduced an 18% sales tax on yarn imports. While the All Pakistan Textile Mills Association (APTMA) has appreciated some measures, ginners expressed significant disappointment as most existing taxes on them remain unchanged. The negative impact of these taxes is expected to extend to cotton growers, who have also expressed dissatisfaction with the budget decisions. The EFS facility for importing cotton and fabric is currently available, which is expected to negatively affect the local cotton industry. Since an 18% sales tax is imposed on local cotton, the market will struggle to gain momentum, directly impacting cotton farmers. If cotton prices decline, the rates for cottonseed (phutti) will also drop. Additionally, with high input costs for cotton growers, there are concerns that cotton cultivation may decrease this season. This year, major mill groups have already signed large-scale import contracts for cotton, leading to relatively lower purchases of local cotton. As a result, ginners and cotton farmers will see reduced demand for both phutti and raw cotton, and prices are expected to remain unfavourable. The situation may further discourage cotton production in the coming season. In Sindh, the price of cotton per maund ranged between Rs16,300 and Rs16,700, while phutti (seed cotton) for 40 kg was sold at Rs7,700 to Rs8,500. Meanwhile, in Punjab, cotton per maund was traded at Rs16,800 to Rs17,200, with phutti (40 kg) priced between Rs8,000 and Rs8,800. The Spot Rate Committee of the Karachi Cotton Association increased the spot rate by Rs300 per maund, closing the spot rate at Rs16,500. Naseem Usman, Chairman of the Karachi Cotton Brokers Forum, reported that international cotton prices remained weak. The future price of New York cotton closed at 64.10 to 67.00 American cents per pound. The cotton ginning and oil mills sector is facing growing concerns following the federal budget's failure to eliminate sales tax on cotton and its by-products. Industry leaders fear that more ginning factories and oil mills may shut down, leading to a surge in undocumented trade. Business communities are urging Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif to allocate the substantial annual funds of over Rs. 700 billion from the Benazir Income Support Program towards reviving struggling industries instead of charity. They argue that boosting businesses will strengthen the national economy. Ehsan ul Haq, Chairman of the Cotton Ginners Forum, revealed that despite recommendations from a committee formed on Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif's directive—supporting textile mill owners' demands to either abolish the Export Facilitation Scheme (EFS) or implement it domestically—the budget retained sales tax on cotton, cottonseed, oilcake, and cottonseed oil. Additionally, no sales tax was imposed on imported cotton, further destabilizing the sector. Haq warned that over 800 already inactive ginning factories and 1,000 oil mills could be joined by more closures. He highlighted that Pakistan, once the world's fourth-largest cotton producer, has now fallen to seventh place due to excessive sales taxes (over 70%) on ginning and oil industries, non-implementation of crop zoning laws, and unchecked sugarcane cultivation. A significant portion of Pakistan's foreign exchange reserves is now spent on importing cotton, yarn, and edible oil. Instead of reviving distressed industries or reducing taxes, a major chunk of national resources (over Rs. 700 billion) is being diverted toward charity or misused under its guise. Haq appealed to PM Shehbaz Sharif to redirect these funds toward industrial revival to bolster the economy. Expectations were high that ginning factories in Punjab and Sindh would resume operations after Eid-ul-Adha holidays. However, due to the unchanged tax policies, only a limited number have restarted despite increased cotton arrivals in several cities. This has led to declining prices for cotton and Phutti, directly hurting farmers and weakening the economy. Experts also warn of a potential record rise in undocumented trade as a result. Abid Zaidi said that at present, only a few ginning factories are operational in Sindh and Punjab, ( number is increasing day by day )working at a slow pace due to limited arrivals at the start of the season. The growers, ginners and the textile industry had placed high hopes on the federal budget, anticipating supportive measures from the government. However, no tax relief was granted. As a result, market sentiment turned negative, and lint prices sharply declined by Rs. 1,000 per maund from Rs. 17,500 to Rs. 16,500 in a single day. Adding to this pressure, global cotton prices are also weak, further dampening the domestic market. The combination of high input costs and falling cotton prices has deeply disappointed growers, who were already facing hardship due to low wheat prices earlier in the year. Current government policies appear to favour imports, placing further strain on local farmers. Without a level playing field, the survival of growers, ginners, and even the textile industry is in serious jeopardy under the prevailing tax regime and the cotton demand is likely to drop about one million bales this year. Cotton sowing is already lagging significantly behind targets, and if the current tariff structure continues, farmers will be further discouraged from planting cotton. As a result, Pakistan's cotton production is expected to fall short of projections. In addition, rising temperatures and a growing whitefly infestation are likely to further damage the crop. Hardly 400 ginning factories are likely to be operational this season and the rest will take rest. We may have even lower production compared to last season. In its recent meeting, the Farmers Advisory Committee at the Central Cotton Research Institute (CCRI), Multan, issued detailed agronomic recommendations for cotton growers, effective through June 30. Cotton experts highlighted increasing pest pressures in cotton-growing regions, particularly from whitefly, jassid, thrips, and other insect pests. Growers were strongly advised to conduct regular pest scouting and apply pesticides only when pest populations reach economic threshold levels, and in consultation with cotton experts. Head Transfer of Technology CCRI Multan Sajid Mahmood said for jassid control, when the population reaches one nymph or adult per leaf, farmers should apply Dinotefuron at 100 grams or Flonicamid at 60 grams per 100 litres of water per acre. These insecticides are also effective against aphids. In the case of thrips, where 8–10 nymphs or adults per leaf are observed, Spinetoram at 60 ml or a mixture of Abamectin + Thiamethoxam at 500 ml per 100 litres of water per acre is recommended—particularly if mite infestation is also present. Experts recommended delaying the initial pesticide application as long as possible. For whitefly management, the use of at least 10 yellow sticky traps per acre is advised. If the population exceeds five nymphs or adults per leaf, chemical control using Flonicamid (80 grams), a mixture of Centrinili Prol + Dinotefuran (300 ml), or Pyriproxyfen (400–500 ml) per 100 litres of water per acre should be adopted. In fields where boll formation has commenced, pink bollworm infestation has been reported. Farmers should install one pheromone trap for monitoring and eight traps per acre for active management. For termite control, a combined application of Chlorpyrifos (1000 ml) and Fipronil (480 ml) through flood irrigation using a single nozzle is advised. For fields in the flowering or boll development stage, consistent and adequate irrigation is essential. Thinning should be completed within 25 days under moist soil conditions, and all weak or diseased plants should be removed. Effective weed management through timely irrigation and mechanical control—particularly in the first 60 days—is crucial, as unchecked weed growth can result in up to 40% yield loss. The use of high-tine cultivators (riggers) is recommended once the crop is six weeks old. Additionally, in glyphosate-tolerant varieties, glyphosate may be applied at 800–1000 ml per 100 litres of water per acre to manage weeds. For cotton sown in March–April for seed purposes, rouging—removal of unwanted, off-type, or diseased plants—should be completed before boll formation. In cases where fruit shedding symptoms are observed, a foliar spray of zinc sulphate (250 grams), borax (150 grams), and magnesium sulphate (300 grams) in 100 litres of water per acre is recommended. To enhance nutrient uptake, a separate solution of 2 kg of urea should be added to the spray mix, and the application repeated after 15 days. Furthermore, once the crop reaches 45 days of age, a post-irrigation application of one bag of urea along with 5–6 kg of zinc sulphate is recommended to support optimal growth and productivity. These guidelines have been developed by CCRI's cotton experts to help cotton growers safeguard crop health and maximize yields during the critical mid-season growth phase. Copyright Business Recorder, 2025
Business Recorder
26-05-2025
- Business
- Business Recorder
Weekly Cotton Review: Trading activities remain limited
KARACHI: The New York cotton market showed mixed trends, while local cotton prices remained stable. However, trading activities were limited. The Commerce Minister hinted at a possible sales tax exemption on local cotton and proposed including it in the new cotton policy. Meanwhile, Pakistan's textile industry is rapidly declining, as expressed by Kamran Arshad, Chairman of All Pakistan Textile Mills Association (APTMA). Similarly, Ehsanul Haq warned that the cotton industry could face the worst economic crisis in history. In Faisalabad, representatives from All Pakistan Textile Mills Association (APTMA), Pakistan Cotton Ginner's Association (PCGA), All Pakistan Textile Processing Mills Association (APTPMA) / Council of Power Looms Associations/ PYMA held a joint press conference regarding EFS (Export Facilitation Scheme) and highlighted related concerns. Ehsanul Haq, Chairman of the Cotton Ginners Association, stated that incorrect data from Federal Committee on Agriculture (FCA) and National Accounts Committee (NAC) has caused difficulties for stakeholders in cultivation, imports, and price determination, negatively impacting their strategic decision-making. During the past week, the local cotton market saw stable prices, but trading remained limited. Cotton deals were finalized at prices ranging from 16,700 to 17,500 rupees, depending on quality and condition. The stock of cotton with ginners is gradually decreasing. Advance deals for the new crop of 2025 - 2026 (Phutti and cotton) are taking place. In Sindh, Phutti was traded at 8,300 to 8,500 rupees per 40 kg, while cotton deals were made at 16,000 to 17,500 rupees per maund. It is said that by the third week of May, two or three ginning factories in Punjab are expected to partially start operations using Phutti from Sindh. In lower Sindh and several cotton-growing areas of Punjab, Phutti production is underway, and partial picking has also begun. The Federal Committee on Agriculture has set a production target of 10.18 million bales of cotton for the upcoming 2025-26 season. APTMA, PCGA, and FPCCI have repeatedly appealed to the government regarding the continuation of the Export Facilitation Scheme (EFS) and are persistently urging for its approval, but no decision has been made so far. Some circles remain hopeful that a solution will be proposed in the budget. Nevertheless, textile industries and PCGA cotton ginners continue to submit requests concerning EFS. FPCCI and various organizations have held meetings and press conferences, emphasizing the need for a level playing field by restoring the EFS facility, but no positive steps have been taken thus far. On the contrary, the Textile Value Added Association is demanding the continuation of EFS. A delegation comprising PCGA Chairman Dr. Jesumal Lemani, former Chairman Suhail Mahmood Haral, and APTMA Chairman Kamran Arshad met with Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, who assured them that the sales tax on local cotton and other taxes on by-products would be abolished in the budget. However, there is no confirmation yet on whether a final decision will be made in this regard. Meanwhile, the Pakistan Business Forum has demanded the removal of GST in the budget. Pakistan's textile industry is rapidly declining as the government has failed to address a critical flaw in the Export Facilitation Scheme for over 10 months. According to a press release by APTMA, the result is a severely flawed tax system that has rendered the local industry uncompetitive, destroyed domestic supply chains, and handed over Pakistan's textile value chain to foreign suppliers. Kamran Arshad, Chairman of the All Pakistan Textile Mills Association (APTMA), stated that the government must immediately remove yarn and fabric from the EFS import scheme. This is the only way to prevent the collapse of Pakistan's textile industry. In the provinces of Sindh and Punjab, the price of cotton per maund ranges between Rs16,000 and Rs 17,500, depending on quality and condition. Advance deals for the new crop have been settled at Rs 17,300 to Rs 17,500 per maund. The Spot Rate Committee of the Karachi Cotton Association has maintained the spot rate stable at Rs 16,700 per maund. Naseem Usman, Chairman of the Karachi Cotton Brokers Forum, said that international cotton prices remained stable. The price of New York cotton futures is currently trading between 66.00 and 70.00 American cents. According to the USDA's weekly export and sales report, sales for the 2024-25 season reached 141,400 bales. Vietnam remained the top buyer, purchasing 61,800 bales, while Turkey ranked second with 19,400 bales. Pakistan secured the third position by buying 18,700 bales. For the 2025-26 season, sales were 7,400 bales, with Honduras leading at 5,500 bales, followed by Vietnam in second place with 1,900 bales. Meanwhile, Federal Commerce Minister Jam Muhammad Kamal has informed the National Assembly that the government is developing a new textile policy, which is likely to include a proposal to exempt domestically produced cotton from the existing 11% sales tax. The minister also addressed the 30% retaliatory tariff imposed by the United States on Pakistan, which is currently suspended for 90 days. Exporters generally view this tariff as a challenge, though some believe it could also present an opportunity for Pakistani products in the U.S. market due to higher tariffs imposed on competing countries. To address these challenges, the Prime Minister has formed a steering committee and a working group tasked with conducting a detailed analysis of the U.S. retaliatory tariffs and formulating a policy response. The Commerce Ministry is collaborating with various ministries, departments, exporters, and relevant stakeholders to develop a strategy for effective engagement with US authorities. In the fiscal year 2023-24, Pakistan's exports to the United States amounted to $5.3 billion, while imports were $2.2 billion, resulting in a trade surplus of $3.1 billion, according to the Business Club. In the current fiscal year (until March 2025), Pakistan exported $4.4 billion worth of goods to the U.S. and imported $1.9 billion, maintaining a trade surplus of $2.5 billion. Pakistan's major exports to the U.S. include garments, medical equipment, and PET bottle-grade products, while key imports from the U.S. consist of cotton, iron and steel scrap, computers, petroleum products, soybeans, and almonds. Additionally, concerns have been raised that despite the start of the new cotton ginning season in the second week of May—a first in the country's history—the tax-free import of raw cotton and cotton yarn from abroad may push the entire cotton industry, including ginning, into the worst economic crisis in Pakistan's history. As a result, during the 2025-26 cotton season, the ginning and textile industry may operate at less than 50% of its full production capacity. This could force Pakistan to once again import billions of dollars' worth of cotton, along with billions in edible oil. Ehsan ul Haq, Chairman of the Cotton Ginners Forum, said that three ginning factories have become operational in Khanewal and Burewala in Punjab, while reports suggest one or two factories in Tando Adam, Sindh, will start operations by May 25. He stated that initial deals for new cotton are being settled between Rs. 17,000 to Rs. 17,500 per maund, while new phutti (seed cotton) is being traded at Rs. 8,300 to Rs. 8,500 per 40 kg. He further revealed that the federal government has allowed the import of cottonseed after nearly 50 years. However, reports indicate that some high-ranking government officials and private seed companies had previously imported cottonseed from China, Australia, the U.S., and Brazil for trial cultivation in various parts of Pakistan. These efforts failed largely due to environmental pollution caused by the lack of enforcement of crop zoning laws, which prevented the cotton crop from thriving. Haq emphasized that the current issue in Pakistan is not cotton production but its consumption. Despite the second-lowest cotton crop in history—only 5.5 million bales in the 2024-25 season—around 200,000 to 250,000 bales of unsold cotton remain in ginning factories. Additionally, cotton ginners have yet to receive hundreds of millions of rupees from textile mills for cotton sold on deferred payments. He also warned that cotton cultivation in some areas of Punjab, Sindh, and Balochistan is at risk due to canal water shortages and sudden temperature spikes, which may cause the crop to wither soon after sprouting. Furthermore, if the federal government does not abolish or domestically implement the Export Facilitation Scheme (EFS) in the upcoming budget, the country's cotton industry could face its worst economic crisis, leading to significant foreign exchange expenditures on imports of cotton, cotton yarn, grey cloth, and edible oil. The cotton sector is also troubled by the 'laughable' production figures released by the National Accounts Committee (NAC) for the past two years. This concern stems from previous miscalculations by the Federal Committee on Agriculture (FCA) regarding cotton cultivation and targets over the past decade. For the 2023-24 cotton season, the Pakistan Cotton Ginners Association (PCGA) reported total national production at 8.4 million bales, while the NAC projected an 'inflated figure' of 10.22 million bales. This discrepancy continues for the 2024-25 season, with PCGA reporting 5.5 million bales and NAC claiming 7.08 million bales. Ehsan ul Haq, Chairman of the Cotton Ginners Forum, emphasized that the incorrect statistics from the FCA and NAC create significant difficulties for stakeholders in formulating their strategies for cultivation, imports, and pricing. 'Inaccurate data could lead to a decline in cotton-based exports due to insufficient imports of raw cotton,' he warned. He stressed the importance of government institutions consistently releasing accurate cultivation and production statistics in their annual planning to help stakeholders avoid such complications. Meanwhile, both the Aptma and the PCGA have written to Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif and launched an advertising campaign. Their message is clear: if the Export Facilitation Scheme is not abolished or its domestic application is not implemented, and if the 18 percent sales tax on cotton seed, cotton seed oil, and oil cake (khal banola) is not removed, the cotton ginning and textile sectors will find it nearly impossible to remain operational. Approximately 800 ginning factories and over 120 textile mills have already ceased operations due to this scheme. Copyright Business Recorder, 2025
Business Recorder
05-05-2025
- Business
- Business Recorder
Weekly Cotton Review: Prices surge amid improved trading volumes
KARACHI: Last week, the cotton market witnessed a significant surge in prices alongside improved trading volumes, while cotton picking has also commenced in the lower Sindh regions. According to Chairman Cotton Ginners Forum Ehsan ul Haq initial activity has been observed in the buying and selling of cotton advance deals, generating positive expectations among traders. Internationally, a slight recovery in New York cotton market prices was recorded following a downturn, which proved encouraging for the local market. However, the government-level deadlock over the Export Finance Scheme (EFS) issue still persists, with indications that measures to resolve it will be announced in the upcoming budget. The Federal Committee on Agriculture (FCA) has set a cotton production target of 10.18 million bales from 2.2 million hectares for 2025-26. Experts emphasise that the revival of the cotton industry depends on strengthening agricultural research institutions and the effective use of modern technology. However, Head Transfer of Technology Central Cotton Research Institute Multan Sajid Mahmoud stressed the need to ensure farmers receive quality seeds and resources. During the past week, the local cotton market experienced an overall upward trend in cotton prices. Needy mills were settled at prices ranging from 15,500 to 17,500 rupees per maund, depending on quality and payment conditions. The trading volume remained relatively better. New York cotton prices showed a mixed trend, though the upward factor remained dominant. APTMA, PCGA, and FPCCI continued to protest against the EFS facility, appealing and pleading with the government to ensure a level playing field, but no attention is being given. Disappointed by the government's delaying tactics, PCGA Chairman Dr Jesumal Lemnani has sent a special letter to the Army Chief and the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan, urging their intervention. Additionally, news is circulating about the upcoming 2025-26 cotton season. Reports suggest that cotton will be cultivated on 35 lac acres in Punjab province, while Sindh province is expected to see cultivation on 15 lac acres. The target for cotton cultivation in Punjab province for the current season has been set at 35 lac acres. This was stated by Punjab Agriculture Secretary Iftikhar Ali Sahu while chairing a high-level review meeting on the status of cotton at the Agriculture House. He emphasised that all possible resources are being mobilized to achieve the cotton cultivation target. Field formations have been tasked with achieving 100% of the target by May 15, and through timely and specialized campaigns, 28% of the total target has already been met He further mentioned that technical guidance for the care of early cotton cultivation is ongoing, and practical measures are being taken to ensure the availability of canal water in cotton-growing areas. He clarified that 50% of the total cotton cultivation target will be achieved from the Bahawalpur Division, adding that the current trends in cotton cultivation this year are highly encouraging. In the provinces of Sindh and Punjab, the price of quality cotton, based on payment conditions, currently ranges between 15,500 to 17,500 rupees per maund. The Spot Rate Committee of the Karachi Cotton Association has maintained the spot rate stable at 16,700 rupees per maund. Naseem Usman, Chairman of the Karachi Cotton Brokers Forum, stated that international cotton prices have shown a mixed trend. After fluctuations in New York cotton futures, there was an upward trend, with prices ranging between 68.41 and 69.91 American cents per pound. According to the USDA's weekly export and sales report, 108,400 bales were sold for the year 2024-25. Malaysia remained the top buyer with 25,600 bales, followed by Bangladesh with 25,400 bales, and Vietnam in third place with 15,200 bales. For the year 2025-26, a total of 32,900 bales were sold. Indonesia led with 15,800 bales, Pakistan secured the second position with 15,400 bales, and China ranked third with 900 bales. The international cotton market showed improvement due to a decline in the dollar index, recovering from its lowest level in over two weeks. The reason behind recovery is indications from China's Ministry of Commerce regarding progress in improving US-China trade relations Meanwhile, in coastal cities of Sindh, the extremely limited-scale picking of the new cotton crop has begun, leading to the initiation of advance cotton contracts. For the first time in Pakistan's history, there is a possibility that the new cotton ginning season will commence in the first week of May. Chairman Cotton Ginners Forum Ehsan ul Haq said that advance contracts for cotton from the new crop in Pakistan have commenced during the initial phase. Initially, two ginning factories in Punjab's cities of Burewala and Mandi Jahanian have finalized advance sales deals for 600 bales of cotton, priced between Rs17,000 to Rs17,300 per maund, based on delivery scheduled between May 10 and 15. Meanwhile, these factories procured cotton from coastal areas of Sindh at Rs8,300 to Rs8,500 per 40 kilograms. They stated that cotton picking has begun in very limited quantities in some coastal regions of Sindh, which is being purchased by cotton ginners from Punjab. Sajid Mahmood, Head of the Technology Transfer Department at the Central Cotton Research Institute (CCRI) Multan in a telephonic conversation with this scribe, stated that credible reports indicate Pakistan is expected to import approximately $3 billion worth of cotton this year. This not only imposes a significant financial burden on the national economy but also underscores the deep-rooted challenges facing the domestic cotton sector. The scale of these imports reflects a critical gap in local production, which currently falls short of meeting national demand—an outcome shaped by a combination of administrative, technical, and research limitations. He stressed that in such a scenario, the importance of research and development in cotton becomes even more vital. However, institutions like the Pakistan Central Cotton Committee (PCCC)—a key national body—are facing severe shortages in research funding, which hampers the pace and quality of scientific innovation. Mahmood also noted that pending cess payments from the textile industry remain unresolved, and their timely clearance could significantly support the strengthening of the research infrastructure. Highlighting the constraints within the PCCC, he shared that only 28% of sanctioned positions are currently filled by agricultural scientists and technical staff. This shortage of skilled manpower severely restricts the continuity and expansion of research activities. Additionally, challenges such as the untimely availability of agricultural inputs for field trials and limited operational budgets are affecting the overall effectiveness and outcomes of research programs. Sajid Mahmood emphasised that these challenges directly impact cotton growers, who urgently require improved seed varieties, climate-resilient technologies, and cost-reduction strategies. Declining per-acre yields and weakened market competitiveness are clear signs that more robust research, timely advisory services, and efficient technology transfer mechanisms are urgently needed. He concluded by stating that saving foreign exchange, supporting farmers, and reviving the cotton sector will require a firm commitment to strengthening research institutions. This includes ensuring sustained resource allocation and making science-based decisions aimed at enhancing cotton productivity and sustainability in Pakistan. Copyright Business Recorder, 2025
