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PARTLY FACETIOUS: Field Marshal Asim Munir got to meet US President
PARTLY FACETIOUS: Field Marshal Asim Munir got to meet US President

Business Recorder

time12 hours ago

  • Politics
  • Business Recorder

PARTLY FACETIOUS: Field Marshal Asim Munir got to meet US President

'How would you define victim?' 'That depends.' 'Really? How come?' 'Well, you could be a victim of domestic abuse that some may term as the abuser's rights.' 'Careful.' 'No, I meant a parent could slap a child to discipline him…' 'Well yes I understand that in the West hitting a child is defined as abuse, but what if the child was say hitting another child or…' 'Nuances, my friend, nuances, but if you are in politics victimhood can win elections.' 'So the best way is not to make a victim out of an opponent?' 'Nah that's not a lesson that our politicians have learned. Given the seesaw that our politics…' 'Seesaw?' 'In on one day, and out the other.' 'You need to qualify that statement. Did you mean in government one day out the other, or did you mean in jail one day and out the other, or did you mean…' 'Dear Lord. Anyway, Field Marshal Asim Munir got to meet the President of the United States, the first time ever and…' 'Didn't our first Field Marshal Ayub Khan also meet with the then US President?' 'Why are you being so flippant. Ayub Khan met the President when he had proclaimed himself as the head of government and state and the army and…' 'Gotcha, but the social media, not ours but Western social media, is full of chatter about Pakistan sending off missiles to Iran and that we have threatened Israel that if it nukes Iran we will nuke Israel.' 'I thought the Deputy Prime Minister refuted these…' 'But anyway going back to defining the word victim, the Israeli Prime Minister takes the cake: he continues to starve the people of Gaza and when they come to the few food depots he has allowed to be opened he fires on them, on average 50 plus a day are dying, and he attacked Iran and guess what? Israel is the victim in all this.' 'Netanyahu's narrative or definition of victimhood is supported by the US led Western hemisphere'. 'But the majority of the people of the US led Western hemisphere, the people they purport to represent, are no longer supporting this narrative.' 'Change in policy will take a bit more time I reckon but change it will and with it so will the definition of victimhood.' Copyright Business Recorder, 2025

AI Copyright Quietly Redrawing Legal Lines
AI Copyright Quietly Redrawing Legal Lines

Arabian Post

timea day ago

  • Business
  • Arabian Post

AI Copyright Quietly Redrawing Legal Lines

Twelve consolidated copyright suits filed by US authors and news outlets against OpenAI and Microsoft have landed in the Southern District of New York, elevating the question of whether the extent of human input in AI training crosses the threshold of lawful fair use. The judicial panel cited shared legal and technical claims involving unauthorised use of copyrighted material, notably books and newspapers, as justifying centralised legal proceedings. The US Copyright Office added its authoritative voice in May, questioning whether AI training on copyrighted texts can be deemed fair use, particularly in commercial contexts. The Office clarified that while transformative use may be permissible in research, mass replication or competition with original works likely exceeds established boundaries. Its report highlighted that the crux lies in purpose, source, market impact and guards on output — variables which may render AI models liable under copyright law. A pivotal case involving Thomson Reuters and Ross Intelligence offers early legal clarity: a court ruled that Ross improperly used Westlaw content, rejecting its fair use defence. The judgement centred on the need for AI systems to 'add something new' and avoid copying wholesale, reinforcing the rights of content owners. This ruling is being cited alongside the US Copyright Office's latest guidance as foundational in shaping how courts may assess generative AI. ADVERTISEMENT Legal practitioners are now navigating uncharted terrain. Lawyers such as Brenda Sharton from Dechert and Andy Gass of Latham & Watkins are at the cutting edge in helping judges understand core AI mechanics — from training data ingestion to output generation — while balancing copyright protection and technological progress. Their work emphasises that this lifetime of litigation may not be resolvable in a single sweeping judgment, but will evolve incrementally. At the heart of many discussions lies the condition for copyright protection: human authorship. The US Copyright Office reaffirmed in a February report that merely issuing a prompt does not satisfy the originality requirement. It stated that current systems offer insufficient control for human authors to claim sole credit, and that copyright should be considered case‑by‑case, grounded in Feist's minimum creativity standard. Critics argue this stance lacks clarity, as no clear threshold for the level of human input has been defined. Certain jurisdictions are taking diverse approaches. China's Beijing Internet Court recently ruled in Li v Liu that an AI–generated image was copyrightable because the plaintiff had provided substantial prompts and adjustments — around 30 prompts and over 120 negative prompts — demonstrating skill, judgment and aesthetic choice. In the United Kingdom, the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 attributes authorship to the person who undertakes 'arrangements necessary' for a computer‑generated work, hinting that both programmers and users may qualify as authors depending on context. In contrast, India's legal framework remains unsettled. Courts have emphasised human creativity in ruling on computer‑generated works, as seen in Rupendra Kashyap v Jiwan Publishing and Navigators Logistics Ltd v Kashif Qureshi. ANI, India's largest news agency, has brought forward a high‑profile case against OpenAI, with hearings held on 19 November 2024 and 28 January 2025. The Delhi High Court has appointed an amicus curiae to navigate this untested area of copyright, with Indian lawyers emphasising that the outcome could shape licensing practices and data‑mining norms. India reserves copyright protection for creations exhibiting 'minimal degree of creativity' under its Supreme Court rulings such as Eastern Book Co v Modak. In February 2025, experts noted that determining whether AI training qualifies as fair dealing or whether generative AI outputs amount to derivative works will be pivotal. Currently, scraping content for AI training falls outside clear exemptions under Indian law, though the Delhi case could catalyse policy reform. ADVERTISEMENT Amid these legal fires, signs point toward statutory intervention. In the US, the Generative AI Copyright Disclosure Act would require developers to notify the Copyright Office of copyrighted works used in training models at least 30 days before public release. While UK policymakers are consulting on a specialised code of practice, India lacks similar formal mechanisms. The evolving legal framework confronts a fundamental philosophical and commercial dilemma: making space for generative AI's potential innovation without undermining creators' rights. AI developers contest that mass text and data mining fuels advanced models, while authors and journalists argue such training must be controlled to safeguard original expression. Courts appear poised to strike a balance by scrutinising the nuance of human input, purpose and impact — not by enacting sweeping exclusions.

MoF raises over Rs1.2trn through major govt bond auction
MoF raises over Rs1.2trn through major govt bond auction

Business Recorder

time2 days ago

  • Business
  • Business Recorder

MoF raises over Rs1.2trn through major govt bond auction

ISLAMABAD: The Ministry of Finance has successfully raised over Rs1.2 trillion through a major auction of government bonds held on Wednesday. An official statement issued by the ministry stated that this includes the launch of a new 15-year Zero Coupon Bond, the first of its kind in Pakistan, which received strong demand from investors and raised over Rs47 billion. This new bond does not pay interest every year. Instead, investors receive a lump sum at the end of 15 years. This helps the government reduce short-term repayments and plan finances better. The strong response shows that investors are confident in Pakistan's economy and reforms. This move is part of the government's broader strategy to reduce borrowing risks, extend the repayment period of debt, and promote Islamic and long-term financial products. Securities' auction procedures: SBP unveils changes Yields on other government bonds also dropped, indicating optimism in financial markets about falling inflation and lower interest rates in the future. Pakistan's debt is now becoming more stable. The average repayment period of domestic debt has increased from 2.7 years last year to 3.75 years now, reducing the pressure to repay loans quickly. Moreover, more pension funds and insurance companies—rather than just banks—are now investing in government bonds. This helps spread financial risk and deepen the local investor base. Finance Minister Senator Muhammad Aurangzeb said: 'This is a major step forward in making Pakistan's financial system stronger and more resilient. We are introducing new, smart ways of borrowing that reduce risk and give investors more options. Our aim is to manage public debt responsibly, promote Islamic finance, and attract more long-term investment to support the country's economic growth.' The Ministry of Finance is also working on more products to allow ordinary citizens to invest in government bonds, especially Islamic ones, to encourage savings and financial inclusion. Despite global uncertainties, today's auction shows that Pakistan's economy is gaining investor trust and moving in the right direction, the ministry added. Copyright Business Recorder, 2025

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