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Zawya
5 days ago
- Business
- Zawya
East Africa private sector lobby criticises Kenya trade deals
Kenya's bilateral trade deal with European Union is facing fresh scrutiny over claims that it violates the East African Community Common External Tariff. The Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) between Kenya and the EU that came into force in 2024 after Nairobi signed a similar arrangement with the United Kingdom. Both deals are being assessed on the wavelength of Common External Tariff (CET), according to a brief from the East African Business Council, the bloc's private sector lobby. EABC criticised Kenya for signing these deals with third parties without taking into consideration the EAC Customs Union and the Common Market, which require uniformity in imports from outside East Africa. Ideally, Kenya has argued variable geometry, a principle that allows members of a bloc to negotiate and accede to a common trade agreement with another bloc. The EU had initially wanted a bloc-to-bloc arrangement, seeing potential markets in the region for its goods. Read: Kenya looks to EU for more exports amid Trump tariffsBut, as Kenya is the only Lower Middle-Income economy in the EAC, it needed the deal as fast as possible to avoid facing tariffs in Europe. EABC has taken issue with the deals, saying they are based on the EAC CET, 2017 edition, which was structured in three bands. The bloc is currently implementing the EAC CET version, which has four bands. The lobby argues that the deals distort trade by allowing free access of goods from 22 European countries and the UK, which otherwise need to be taxed.'The EAC partner states have found it difficult to collectively negotiate and finally concluded reciprocal trade agreements as the bloc with third parties outside Africa. A notable example is the EAC-EU Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) and the EAC-UK EPA with Kenya,' said Adrian Raphael Njau, acting EABC executive director.'Third-party agreements must align with EAC objectives while being sensitive to development disparities among partner states. Dual classification of development of partners should be used as strengt, not weakness, when negotiating trade agreements with third parties.'While Kenya is implementing the reciprocal EPAs with EU and UK, the other EAC partner states are using nonreciprocal GSP (Generalised System of Preferences) schemes to access the EU and UK markets. GSP are special programmes where developed countries grant preferential treatment to products imported from developing countries, often excluding military weapons.'There is fear among the EAC private sector that these separate individual trade agreements are being concluded without following the procedures and principles set out by EAC CU, which may subsequently create mistrust among EAC partner states as well as distorting the EAC CET – the EAC tariff wall for the region,' he said.'Individual countries having separate tariff concessions with third parties which is different from the existing EAC CET may compel other partner states to restrict free circulation of goods to mitigate trade deflection.'The EAC Customs Union Protocol requires the Community to coordinate its trade relations with foreign countries so as to facilitate the implementation of common policy in the field of external trade. The main purpose is to ensure that the EAC CET is uniformly implemented by all partner states.'The CET as a key instrument of EAC Customs Union ensures there is a common duty for goods entering the EAC Customs Territory from Rest of the World,' Mr Njau said. He pointed out that the EU and UK products access the Kenyan market using Kenya's tariff concessions, which are based on the 2017 version, while EAC partner states are implementing the 2022 version after a comprehensive review. The EAC CET 2017 version was structured in three bands: 25 percent for finished goods, 10 percent for intermediate goods, and 0 percent for raw materials, essential, and capital goods. It included a limited number of products on a sensitive list that attracted rates above the maximum 25 percent, ranging between 35 percent and 100 percent. The 2022 version is structured under four bands: 0 percent for raw materials, essential, and capital goods; 10 percent for intermediate goods; 25 percent for finished goods not sufficiently available in the EAC; and 35 percent for finished goods sufficiently available in the region. The tariff structure also includes a sensitive list, which attracts higher tariffs ranging between 50 percent and 100 percent. The primary difference between the two versions of the EAC CET is the introduction of a fourth band in the 2022 version, comprising 496 tariff lines that attract a 35 percent import duty.'EAC Partner States should analyse the implications of existing EPAs in the region for EAC commitments and the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA),' he said.'To uphold EAC commitments to implement a common external trade policy and progress made in the Customs Union and Common Market, EAC Partner States, as a bloc, should explore options for collectively reviewing EPAs with the EU and UK.'Tanzania and Uganda are yet to agree on whether to sign the EPA with Brussels on the grounds that it would require them to open up their own economies to European firms. But Kenya's Trade Cabinet Secretary Lee Kinyanjui has defended Kenya-EU-EPA saying failing to sign the deal would have locked Kenya's free market access to the 22-member country market for Kenya's exports.'The dual categorisation of EAC Partner States, with Kenya classified as a non-Least Developed Country (non-LDC) and the others as Least Developed Countries (LDCs) compelled us to negotiate the trade deals separately,' said Kinyanjui. Through the Generalised Scheme of Preferences (GSP), LDCs enjoy Duty-Free, Quota-Free (DFQF) access to the EU and UK markets under the 'Everything but Arms' (EBA) pillar of the GSP. Kenya is offered lower-than-Most-Favoured-Nation (MFN) import tariffs on approximately 66 percent of tariff lines applied by the EU. To ensure continuity and certainty in trade relations between Kenya and the UK, both parties negotiated a reciprocal Kenya-UK EPA, which was primarily based on the EAC-EU EPA. In the recent past, the USA has also in the past raised concerns about the implementation of the CET in trade with Kenya. According to US officials, high import taxes and complex regulatory procedures are limiting the competitiveness of American maize in Kenya, a key market in the region. © Copyright 2022 Nation Media Group. All Rights Reserved. Provided by SyndiGate Media Inc. (
Time Business News
10-06-2025
- Business
- Time Business News
What Are Import Duties in the UK?
Import duties, also known as customs duties, are taxes imposed by a government on goods brought into a country. They serve multiple purposes, including generating revenue for the government, protecting domestic industries from foreign competition, and regulating the types of goods entering a country. Understanding these duties is crucial for businesses and individuals who engage in international trade, ensuring that all necessary costs are accounted for in their financial planning. These duties can vary significantly depending on the product's nature, its country of origin, and the specific regulations of the importing country. For those importing goods from China to the UK, it is essential to be aware of the import duties applicable under the UK Global Tariff system. This system outlines the tariff rates and categories for numerous products, providing a clear framework for importers. By familiarising yourself with import duties, you can better anticipate potential costs and avoid unexpected expenses. This knowledge is also vital for compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, which can help prevent delays or penalties during the customs clearance process. Understanding the UK Global Tariff (UKGT) The UK Global Tariff (UKGT) is the regime that sets out the duties and tariffs applicable to goods imported into the United Kingdom. Implemented after Brexit, the UKGT replaced the European Union's Common External Tariff and is designed to reflect the UK's independent trade policy. It aims to simplify and streamline the tariff system, making it easier for businesses to navigate. The UKGT is presented in an accessible format, detailing specific tariff rates for various product categories. This tariff schedule is structured to support UK industries while ensuring consumers have access to a wide range of products at competitive prices. For importers, understanding the UKGT means recognising the specific rates and regulations that apply to their goods, which can influence pricing strategies and supply chain decisions. Utilising the UKGT effectively requires a thorough analysis of your products and their corresponding tariff codes. By doing so, you can ensure compliance with UK regulations and optimise your import operations. This understanding can also assist in identifying potential cost-saving opportunities through tariff reductions or exemptions. What Goods Are Affected by Import Duties? Import duties affect a broad array of goods, with specific rates and regulations varying based on the product type and its classification under the UK Global Tariff. Typically, goods are categorised under the Harmonized System (HS) code, a globally standardised system used to classify traded products. This classification determines the applicable tariff rate. While many goods are subject to import duties, certain categories are more heavily regulated or taxed. For example, agricultural products, textiles, and electronics often have higher duties due to their impact on domestic markets. Conversely, some goods may benefit from reduced rates or exemptions to encourage specific industries or economic activities. Understanding which goods are affected and to what extent requires careful examination of the UKGT and staying informed about changes in trade policies. Regularly reviewing the tariff schedules and consulting with trade experts can ensure that you remain compliant and competitive in the marketplace. How to Find Applicable Tariff Rates Finding the applicable tariff rates for your goods involves several steps, primarily centred around identifying the correct HS code for your products. This code is essential for determining the specific duty rate under the UKGT. The UK's online tariff lookup tool is a valuable resource, allowing you to search for tariff rates using product descriptions or HS codes. Once you have identified the HS code, you can access detailed information about the applicable duty rates, including any preferential rates due to trade agreements or specific exemptions. This information is crucial for accurate cost calculations and strategic pricing decisions. Additionally, staying updated on changes to tariff rates or classifications is vital, as trade policies and agreements can evolve. Subscribing to government updates or consulting with customs professionals can help you adapt to any changes and maintain a competitive edge in the import market. Using the Import Duty Calculator The Import Duty Calculator is an essential tool for anyone involved in importing goods into the UK. This online resource allows you to calculate the total import duty payable on your goods, factoring in the product's value, the applicable tariff rate, and any other relevant charges, such as VAT or excise duties. To use the Import Duty Calculator effectively, gather all necessary information about your shipment, including the product's HS code, its value, and any applicable trade agreements. Inputting this data into the calculator will provide you with an estimate of the total duty costs, helping you plan your import expenses accurately. This tool is particularly beneficial for small businesses and first-time importers, offering a straightforward way to understand and estimate the costs associated with importing goods. Regular use of the calculator can aid in budgeting, pricing strategies, and ensuring compliance with import regulations. Documentation Required for Importing Goods Importing goods into the UK requires a variety of documentation to ensure compliance with customs regulations. The most crucial documents include the commercial invoice, which details the transaction between the buyer and seller, and the bill of lading or airway bill, which serves as proof of shipment. Additionally, you may need to provide certificates of origin to verify where the goods were produced, especially if they are subject to preferential tariff rates under specific trade agreements. Importers should also be prepared to submit any licences or permits required for restricted goods, such as firearms or pharmaceuticals. Accurate and complete documentation is vital for a smooth import process, minimising the risk of delays or penalties. Keeping organised records and consulting with customs brokers or freight forwarders can help ensure that all necessary paperwork is submitted correctly and on time. Special Considerations for Certain Goods Certain goods require special considerations when being imported, often due to their sensitive nature or potential impact on public health and safety. These include food products, chemicals, and items subject to intellectual property rights. Importers must be aware of any specific regulations or certifications required for these goods. For example, food products must comply with health and safety standards, which may involve obtaining health certificates or undergoing inspections by regulatory agencies. Similarly, importing chemicals may necessitate compliance with environmental regulations and safety protocols to prevent hazardous incidents. Being informed about these special considerations and requirements is crucial for avoiding legal issues and ensuring the safe and efficient importation of goods. Working with specialists in these areas or consulting government resources can provide guidance and support in navigating these complexities. Understanding Anti-Dumping Duties Anti-dumping duties are additional tariffs imposed on imported goods that are priced below fair market value, often to protect domestic industries from unfair competition. These duties can significantly impact the cost of importing certain products, particularly those from countries accused of dumping, such as China. To determine if anti-dumping duties apply to your goods, you should review the UK government's list of products and countries subject to these measures. Understanding these duties is essential for accurate cost calculations and competitive pricing strategies. Importers must stay informed about changes in anti-dumping regulations and investigations, as these can affect duty rates and compliance requirements. Engaging with trade experts and monitoring government updates can help you navigate this complex area of import regulation. Exploring Tariff-Rate Quotas Tariff-rate quotas (TRQs) are a trade policy tool that allows a specified quantity of goods to be imported at a reduced tariff rate, with higher rates applied to quantities exceeding that limit. TRQs are often used to balance the protection of domestic industries with the benefits of international trade. Understanding how TRQs work and determining if your goods qualify for these quotas can provide significant cost-saving opportunities. The UK government publishes information on available TRQs, including the applicable goods, quota limits, and reduced tariff rates. By strategically planning your imports around TRQ availability, you can optimise your costs and enhance your competitiveness in the market. Staying informed about quota allocations and changes can help you take full advantage of these opportunities. Importing from China: A Step-by-Step Guide Importing goods from China to the UK involves several key steps that require careful planning and execution. First, identify the products you wish to import and conduct thorough market research to ensure demand and profitability. Next, find reliable suppliers and negotiate favourable terms and conditions. Once you have established your supplier relationships, determine the applicable import duties and prepare the necessary documentation, including the commercial invoice, bill of lading, and any required certificates or permits. Use the Import Duty Calculator to estimate your costs accurately. Finally, ensure compliance with UK customs regulations by organising the logistics and customs clearance process. This may involve working with customs brokers or freight forwarders to facilitate the smooth importation of your goods. Monitoring the shipment and maintaining communication with all parties involved can help prevent delays and ensure successful import operations. Conclusion Navigating the complexities of import duties and tariffs is crucial for anyone engaged in importing goods from China to the UK. By understanding the UK Global Tariff, identifying applicable tariff rates, and using resources like the Import Duty Calculator, you can optimise your import operations and ensure compliance with regulations. Whether you're a seasoned importer or new to international trade, staying informed and prepared can enhance your competitiveness and success in the global market. For further assistance or to learn more about how to optimise your TIME BUSINESS NEWS
