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Yahoo
13-06-2025
- Politics
- Yahoo
Community gets update on GBCI closure potential
Allouez, Wis. (WFRV) – Community members packed a special meeting at Allouez village hall on Thursday night to get an update on progress to potentially close the unpopular Green Bay Correctional Institution (GBCI). 'We have a problem right now, the facility is overcrowded and it isn't entirely safe,' said state senator Jamie Wall. 'We shouldn't just kick the can down the road indefinitely.' In his budget proposal, Governor Tony Evers included funding to eventually shutter the GBCI as part of a larger statewide prison reform package. During the meeting on Thursday night, senator Wall explained to the community how this would all work. The governor's statewide prison reform package has two distinct parts. There's a policy part to it which focuses on the treatment of prisoners with an emphasis on rehabilitation programs. The other part of the plan is modifying existing juvenile detention centers and prisons and building several new juvenile detention centers. Ashwaubenon Museum holds annual History at the Park, teaching the present about the past This would eventually allow Wisconsin's Department of Corrections officials to relocate the inmates at the GBCI to these new facilities. The goal is to shutter GBCI by 2029. 'It's just a really big deal, a big deal for Allouez, a big deal for Northeast Wisconsin, and it's a big deal for Wisconsin as a whole,' said state representative Benjamin Franklin. Wall, Franklin, and state representative David Steffen attended the special meeting in Allouez on Thursday night to debrief community members on the governor's budget proposal in regards to closing the GBCI and the potential path forward. All three men have been strong advocates for closing down the GBCI. While each legislator said that the Governor's prison reform proposal isn't perfect, they said there were major chunks of it that they could support. 'I think if you look at the overall structure that's something we can support, just need to look at the details that need a few revisions to it,' Franklin told Local 5 News. 'I think the most important thing that we can do is to take that first step on that road that the governor outlined the physical changes to the corrections system,' Wall said. 'That means standing up new juvenile centers including one here in Northeast Wisconsin.' According to Wall, budget negotiations have stalled right now. Joint Finance Committee members are in the process of modifying the governor's budget proposal and it's unknown if they'll include funding to close the GBCI in their version of the document. Wall said that as of Thursday the Joint Finance Committee hasn't reviewed budget items related to the state's department of corrections. All three legislators said they're united in finding a way to close the GBCI. It's a sentiment echoed by Allouez village leaders who have circulated a petition to close the GBCI that has thousands of signatures. Deputies in Wisconsin help guide snapping turtle safely across rural street GBCI is 126 years old. Proponents of shuttering the facility say that it's understaffed, outdated, costly to maintain, and presents dangers to the inmates living there and all those who work there as well. There's also a lack of vocational and mental health programs for inmates living there which some community members say lead to a high rate of reoffenders. 'It is the roughest, toughest prison that you can think of,' said Jeffrey Watson who said he was a former inmate at GBCI. Allouez village leaders say there's an opportunity to bring in a mixed use development on the prison's property if it were to shut down. According to a preliminary rendering of a potential development there, it could include apartments, storefronts, parks, and much more. 'I want people to be able to walk out of this meeting being very proud of our representatives,' said Allouez village president Jim Rafter who has been a leading voice in the fight to close down the GBCI. 'I believe they all want it to be closed. We have Republicans and Democrats working together to get the job done.' Copyright 2025 Nexstar Media, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
Forbes
10-06-2025
- Lifestyle
- Forbes
Florida's Spring Break Capital Is Now Its Newest Luxury Real Estate And Financial Hotspot
"It takes many good deeds to build a good reputation," Benjamin Franklin once said, "and only one bad one to lose it." When it comes to real estate and re-development, the opposite is also frequently true: it can be hard to shake off a bad rap, especially when it's seared into the cultural DNA of a place. Fort Lauderdale, Florida at dusk. In few cities has this reputational albatross been historically stickier than in Fort Lauderdale, which has been synonymous with hard partying, bikini-clad Bacchanalia ever since Colgate University swimming coach, Sam Ingram, first brought his team here in 1934 for an early season 'winter warm-up'. Over the next decade, Fort Lauderdale went viral across the snow-covered campuses of New England and the Midwest, eventually luring an ever-expanding migration of sun and booze-hungry co-eds down U.S. Route 1 to its cut-rate motels and neon nightlife. By the 1960s, Fort Lauderdale had become one of America's biggest parties outside of Mardi Gras, giving it the dubious nickname the 'Spring Break Capital of the World', a.k.a 'Fort Liquordale'. In the 1990s, the city finally tried to rein in the mayhem and reframe itself as a more family-friendly, year-round destination. But by that point, that shipped had long since sailed. Even as adjacent towns and cities like Boca Raton and Sunny Isles were able to shed their Miami Vice, time share vibes and attract new luxury developments and upscale buyers through the first boom in the 2000s, Fort Lauderdale found itself persistently trapped between a seedy past and an uncertain future. Fort Lauderdale Spring Break 2024 Yet, urban transformation and neighborhood revitalization happen in improbable ways at the unlikeliest of times. So, when a developer friend recently called me up raving about Fort Lauderdale finally 'coming of age', I nearly tripped over my smirk. I've long been fascinated with the lessons newer neighborhoods can learn from older ones. But Fort Lauderdale was a different kind of case study altogether; it didn't need a Renaissance or to be revitalized. It needed to shake off a century of less-than-pristine repute and present an entirely new version of itself to the outside world again. Finally Moving On Up In many ways, Fort Lauderdale's long suffering identity crisis didn't have anything to do with spring break in the first place. Compared with Miami, located just thirty miles south down I-95, Fort Lauderdale doesn't have a natural harbor like Biscayne Bay; that made it less favorable to shipping and trade with Latin America as the United States expanded south and west after the Civil War. Henry Flagler's Florida East Coast Railway also bypassed Fort Lauderdale as an original station stop when it was extended to Key West in 1896. As a consequence, the city languished as a mosquito-infested 'backwater' well into the early 20th century as business, jobs, tourism, and infrastructure boomed in Miami. Not surprisingly, Fort Lauderdale has historically been seen — and seen itself — as a vestigial appendage of its southern neighbor rather than an equal force to be respected and reckoned with. Fort Lauderdale aerial view. Luxury superyachts at the annual Fort Lauderdale International Boat Show Fort Lauderdale Beach is one Florida's best and most infamous. These days, however, those outdated stereotypes couldn't be further from reality on the ground. As both a city in itself and a hub for the region, Fort Lauderdale has always had the innate geographic, ecological, and economic assets to step out from Miami's shadow and stand on its own as a global city: including postcard perfect beaches, an international yachting culture, world-class infrastructure, well-connected transport systems, fives time more inland waterways than Venice, and Port Everglades, the third busiest cruise ship port on earth. Those advantages are now fueling one of America's most dynamic and unexpected urban success stories literally from the ground up. Fort Lauderdale's recent reimagining is also closely linked to the pandemic, which not only accelerated several demographic shifts that were already underway nationally — like the migration to warmer, more tax-friendly states — but also focused America's attention for the first time on the parts of Florida that didn't already have Formula 1 Grand Prix races and Real Housewives TV shows. Fort Lauderdale is known as the Venice of America, due to its extensive and intricate canal system where multi-million dollar mansions and luxury yachts often sit side by side. Downtown Fort Lauderdale has become a forest of construction cranes since the COVID-19 pandemic. Back in 2020, Miami and West Palm Beach drew most of the big names at first, including financial firms like Goldman Sachs, Blackstone, and Citadel, all of which opened offices across South Florida at a furious pace once COVID hit. But Fort Lauderdale increasingly caught the tailwinds generated by the emergence of 'Wall Street South', especially as already boho-riche enclaves like Miami Beach, Brickell, and Surfside further south quickly grew more expensive and overcrowded. The city has long had all the building blocks to be a playground for the ultra-rich: including labyrinths of canals lined with multi-million dollar mansions, a bustling small airport that can land a G5, and a stealthy network of yacht, golf, and tennis clubs that have catered to old-guard South Florida families for generations. So, Fort Lauderdale's current 'moment' doesn't come as a surprise to many long-time locals. After all, what self-respecting finance bro doesn't want to tie up their Azimut outside their penthouse, walk to a Michelin-starred dinner, and jump on the Brightline high-speed rail to meet a new hedge fund client the next morning? The two-tower Viceroy Residences will be the city's first luxury branded residential building and is the most visible validation yet of Fort Lauderdale's rising prestige. Global Branded Luxury Moves In All of this makes Fort Lauderdale's current bullishness even more exceptional because the forces underpinning it aren't being driven by Florida's frequent predilection for opportunism and myopia. As a result, while the real estate frenzy in other Sunshine State cities like Tampa and Orlando is finally climbing down from pandemic highs, Fort Lauderdale is still attracting national and international developers who would have never played in the sandbox here before — especially at the highest ends of the market. Case in point is the Naftali Group, a global real estate and investment firm that's developed dozens of luxury Manhattan buildings including the iconic Plaza Hotel. This past December, Naftali launched sales for the Viceroy Residences Fort Lauderdale, a 45-story tower between Las Olas Boulevard and Flagler Village downtown. With architecture by Bernardo Fort-Bescia's Arquitectonica, the current darling of Miami's ultra-luxury branded residential scene, and interiors by the Rockwell Group, the Viceroy Fort Lauderdale represents a significant expansion from Naftali's traditional Manhattan stronghold and is the highest profile validation yet of the city's rising prestige. 'After developing some of Manhattan's most iconic residential buildings, when we looked at Fort Lauderdale, we saw a city on the brink of a major evolution,' says the company's Founder and CEO Miki Naftali. 'With its unparalleled water access, growing cultural scene, and influx of new residents and businesses, Fort Lauderdale is quickly transforming into a world-class destination. It reminds me of Miami fifteen years ago, full of potential and quietly shifting beneath the surface.' The porte cochere at Viceroy Residences Fort Lauderdale. A rendering of one of the residential terrances at the new Viceroy Residences Fort Lauderdale. Strategically, Naftali also knew that bringing an upscale, service-forward brand like Viceroy to Fort Lauderdale would give city's rebranding immediate credibility from the outside in, especially in South Florida which has long been the molten hot core of America's luxury branded real estate space. 'We felt the timing was right to introduce a true luxury branded residence to Fort Lauderdale's downtown, and partnering with Viceroy allows us to deliver something that significantly elevates the standard of living here,' says Naftali of the project's original genesis. 'It's proof that Fort Lauderdale is no longer just a place to get away. It's on its way to becoming a global city.' The pool deck at the Viceroy Residences Fort Lauderdale. The juice bar at the Viceroy Residences Fort Lauderdale. For other luxury real estate developers, Naftali Group's entry into the Fort Lauderdale market has also signaled a wider sense of 'arrival' for Broward County, which has long felt squeezed and sold short between Miami-Dade and Palm Beach Counties to the north and south, in much the same way a James Beard chef opening up a new restaurant in a revitalizing neighborhood can help foment similar critical mass. 'From Miami to Palm Beach, South Florida has become one of the most dynamic real estate markets in the country, and Fort Lauderdale and Broward County are right in the middle of it all,' says Naftali. 'The fundamentals are strong and the reality is that demand is being driven by long-term, structural shifts in the region's demographics, infrastructure, cultural offerings, and connectivity which have all evolved dramatically over the past few years. Fort Lauderdale's growth as a primary place for people and families to live and invest isn't just a moment. It's a movement.' Ombelle Fort Lauderdale will add a stunning, modern silhouette to the city's skyline. Ombelle Fort Lauderdale's residences will have unobstructed ocean and city views. The lobby cafe at the new Ombelle Fort Lauderdale. That movement is also motivating several other skyline-reshaping towers to chase Viceroy's tail. In a nod to Fort Lauderdale's deeply rooted maritime culture and moniker as the "Yachting Capital of the World", the recently announced Riva Residenze development will feature 36 residences and two penthouses in an intimate 20-story project styled in partnership with the eponymous Italian yacht brand, making it the world's first luxury yacht-branded residential development. A little further inland, Ombelle Fort Lauderdale's two airy towers will include 775 fully finished and furnished residences, 100,000 square feet of amenity space, and Fort Lauderdale's first Equinox gym. Then there's the Andare Residences, a 46-story, 540' project envisioned by Pininfarina, the Italian design house best known for crafting Ferraris, whose curvalinear silhouette will become the city's tallest building when it opens in 2027. Even by Miami standards, these are big projects in partnership with major international brands. And if current sales are any indication, they are quickly pulling Fort Lauderdale up into the stratosphere of international buyers who could easily afford to live in Brickell, Bal Harbor, and Miami Beach but already know they've missed the boat there. Hines' $500 million FAT Village development will reinvigorate Fort Lauderdale's historic arts district at Flagler Village. FAT Village is a 5.6-acre mixed-use development that will combine "Food", "Art", and "Technology". FAT Village: Fort Lauderdale's Creative Core Reimagined 'Fort Lauderdale is no longer Florida's next big thing. It's the now,' says Alan Kennedy, Managing Director at global real estate development firm, Hines, who's responsible for the company's South Florida business. 'A city that once lived in the shadow of its South Florida neighbors has become a magnet for talent, energy, and culture. Miami has the heat. West Palm has the polish. But Fort Lauderdale is finally finding its rhythm in a way that feels thoughtful, local, grounded, and entirely its own.' Not surprisingly, Hines' new 5.6-acre, $500 million FAT Village project in the heart of Fort Lauderdale's creative core is based on a deep respect for urban developments that are aligned with those soft-power principles. Standing for 'Food', 'Art', and 'Technology' and co-developed with Urban Street Development, FAT Village will transform Fort Lauderdale's original arts district into a re-imagined cultural and commercial hub designed to prioritize a high-touch, human-centered sense of community. When it's completed in 2027, the development will feature more than 850 residential units, curated retail and culinary spaces, entertainment venues and immersive art galleries, and the region's first mass timber office building based on Hines' proprietary 'T3' (Timber, Transit, Technology) design model that eliminates over a thousand metric tons of CO2 emissions during construction while also supporting sustainable forestry practices. Other AI-powered, eco-friendly features will include touchless technologies for enhanced hygiene, energy-efficient LEED Gold Certification, and WiredScore Certification which ensures a cutting-edge technological experience. In a region long known for rampant spawl, an umbilical dependency on cars, and persistent climate change denial, this kind of big vision is no small deal. FAT Village not only doubles down on density, mobility, and community, but also sets a new norm for innovation and sustainability in South Florida that other developers will feel compelled to follow. FAT Village is based on sustainability, density, walkability, and community. FAT Village will feature art galleries, entertainment venues, and high-tech commercial office space. FAT Village's commercial office space is based on Hines' T3 (Timber, Transit, Technology) building model which highlights sustainability and innovation. In this way, says Kennedy, FAT Village isn't just a bet on Fort Lauderdale's real estate market for the sake of putting another project in the ground; it offers Hines the far more meaningful opportunity to help re-shape the city's identity for generations to come. 'FAT Village is Fort Lauderdale's opportunity to show what the future of cities can look like when they have the chance to reinvent themselves,' Kennedy explains. 'People today are seeking real experiences. They want walkable streets, art around every corner, and neighborhoods where work, creativity, and daily life intersect. FAT Village is designed to be that collision point where all those creative, cultural, and culinary elements come together. For us, this project isn't just about creating buildings. It's about curating a neighborhood with real texture and purpose so that Fort Lauderdale can truly tell a new story that belongs to itself.' Local chef Rino Cerbone's Heritage restaurant recently received the Michelin Bib Gourmand distinction. The Michelin Effect As is often the case when a city's real estate market booms, everything else in Fort Lauderdale is booming now too. Tourism, for example, is exploding. According to the Downtown Development Authority (DDA), downtown visitation now accounts for over 30% of all visitors—up from just 7% pre-pandemic. High-end hospitality is surging as well, including the opening of the Four Seasons Fort Lauderdale in 2022, along with its signature restaurant, The Chef's Counter at MAASS by chef Ryan Ratino, which earned Fort Lauderdale its first Michelin star last year. 'MAASS's Michelin star award is absolutely huge for Fort Lauderdale's culinary credibility,' says local chef Rino Cerbone, whose Flagler Village restaurant, Heritage, went viral last year for serving pasta in the Stanley Cup, and was also recently awarded Michelin's Bib Gourmand distinction. 'You have this insanely talented group making awesome world-class food and providing an incredible experience, which shows that our city is much more than just commercial style restaurants that cater to the masses. It also makes everyone here who is really invested in their craft want to step up their game and show their guests that you want to give them nothing but the best.' NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman and Aleksander Barkov #16 of the Florida Panthers hold the Stanley Cup after Florida's 2-1 victory against the Edmonton Oilers in Game Seven of the 2024 Stanley Cup Final at Amerant Bank Arena on June 24, 2024 in Sunrise, Florida. (Photo by) Speaking of the Stanley Cup, Fort Lauderdale has also unexpectedly become an NHL hockey hotbed. The Florida Panthers, whose home ice is based in nearby Sunrise, Florida just west of downtown, are the reining NHL Champions and have made three straight Stanley Cup playoff runs, generating more than $100 million in economic impact across the region. The Panthers also hosted the NHL All-Star Game in 2023 and will welcome the iconic Winter Classic in 2026. Meanwhile, Fort Lauderdale's commercial office sector is defying the headwinds that are collapsing it in almost every other American city, including the recent sale of two office towers on Las Olas Boulevard for $400 million. Boca Raton-based Infinite Reality, a $15.5 billion innovation company powering next generation immersive media, AI, and ecommerce, also just announced plans to co-develop a 60-acre site into a futuristic technology and entertainment campus that will serve as the company's new global headquarters and the cornerstone of its long-term real estate strategy. Downtown Fort Lauderdale's commercial office sector along Las Olas Boulevard is booming while it's languishing in most of America's cities. The Brightline high speed rail train heading north to Orlando from Fort Lauderdale. 'We've always had great weather,' says Fort Lauderdale's Mayor Dean Trantalis. 'We've always had some of Florida's best beaches. As a result, we've always attracted thousands of tourists annually. But downtown Fort Lauderdale is now transforming into one of the best places in America to live, work and play. We've become a magnet for financial firms, tech start-ups, and luxury real estate developers, and, at the same time, attracted hip, young families and creative types with great housing, a good business base, and a nightlife scene of arts, restaurants and entertainment that is second to none. Fort Lauderdale is finally being seen across the nation and the world for the incredible future that lies before us, not our past.' Fort Lauderdale's skyline will never look the same ... Ultimately, real estate stories worth writing are rarely just about glass and steel or green roofs. At their best, they're about the loftiest of human emotions — like hope, courage, and belief. In this way, what's happening in Fort Lauderdale right now reflects a collective confidence about the future that people here haven't felt for decades. The city's new developments are bold and visionary, but they're also smart and forward thinking. The new skyline isn't just about height. It's about identity. And as more developers, celebrity chefs, and big-name financial firms and tech start-ups buy in here, they're not transforming Fort Lauderdale into the next Miami. They're helping to shape it into something new entirely. This time, though, the rest of the world is watching for all the right reasons.
AU Financial Review
08-06-2025
- Business
- AU Financial Review
In Trump's world nothing is certain, not even taxes
Benjamin Franklin famously said, 'in this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes'. But recent events have reminded us that there is no certainty in taxes – and that's creating serious consequences for long-term asset allocation. Buried in US President Donald Trump's proposed 'big beautiful bill' is Section 899 which proposes several changes to the US tax code. It targets countries like Australia, that are judged to apply extraterritorial or discriminatory taxes, with new withholding taxes on US-sourced dividends, royalties and potentially some types of interest income.
Montreal Gazette
07-06-2025
- Politics
- Montreal Gazette
Libman: On death, taxes and the future of minority rights in Quebec
Benjamin Franklin famously wrote: 'In this world nothing can be certain, except death and taxes.' Section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, however, comes pretty close. It is the ironclad constitutional protection of minority-language education rights in this country. It has consistently been interpreted by Quebec courts to uphold the right of the English-speaking minority to control and manage its school system. And it's exempt from the application of the notwithstanding clause. After the Coalition Avenir Québec government adopted Bill 40 in 2020, abolishing and replacing school boards with service centres under greater government control, the province's English boards challenged the law as unconstitutional. In 2023 Quebec Superior Court Judge Sylvain Lussier agreed, ruling in no uncertain terms that much of Bill 40 infringes on the English-speaking community's constitutional rights to govern and control its educational institutions. The CAQ government, however, appealed the judgment. In April of this year, Quebec Court of Appeal judges Robert Mainville, Christine Baudouin and Judith Harvie handed down their ruling. They also concluded that parts of Bill 40 infringe on the section of the Charter of Rights that guarantees minority-language education rights and couldn't be demonstrably justified as a reasonable limit on charter rights in a free and democratic society. Another slam dunk for minority education rights. Yet this week, the Legault government went ahead anyways to request leave to appeal this judgment by Quebec's highest court to the Supreme Court of Canada. The irony here shouldn't be lost: Quebec's nationalist government is asking Canada's highest court to overturn rulings from the two Quebec courts. I have little doubt Quebec's lawyers have advised the government they cannot possibly win this case at the Supreme Court. This appeal seems purely political. No one would expect the CAQ to dare show any surrender in assailing minority language rights at the risk of giving a drumstick to their more nationalist rivals, the separatist Parti Québécois. The Supreme Court should refuse to hear the appeal considering how categorically the two Quebec courts unanimously ruled in what seems an open-and-shut case. For several reasons, the ideal scenario would be for the Supreme Court to say the Quebec courts composed of Lussier, Mainville, Baudouin and Harvie have already made an irreproachable decision. Case closed. This, in fact, could even benefit the CAQ (which they might be secretly hoping for) because if the Supreme Court does take the case and inevitably invalidates sections of the law sometime next year, around Quebec election time, it would help provide ripe fodder for the PQ to condemn Canada for 'again' crushing Quebec's aspirations and ignoring its 'distinctiveness' — while conveniently glossing over the fact that Quebec francophone judges had also unanimously struck it down. But watch out for another concern. Within days of the appeal court's ruling, coincidentally or not, Quebec Justice Minister Simon Jolin-Barrette announced his intention to launch negotiations with Ottawa about amending the Constitution so that Quebec judges are chosen from among members of the Quebec Bar, recommended by the Quebec government. Currently, superior and appeal court judges are appointed by the federal government. Judges in this country act as a check and balance for government legislation, if challenged. They are impartial arbiters, interpreting the charters of rights to balance individual or minority rights against political objectives. In Quebec, where an important linguistic minority relies on constitutional protections, the courts are their only redress at times, often against the backdrop of a highly charged language environment. We need only look across the border at the U.S. to see what can happen when the court system becomes politicized. If certain Quebec governments started to exert influence on the courts by appointing judges known for favouring collective rights over individual rights, or harbouring secessionist sympathies, for example, the last vestiges of protection for minority communities, including the certainty of Section 23, could vanish.
Wall Street Journal
05-06-2025
- Politics
- Wall Street Journal
‘Proof' Review: Finding Truth in Numbers
Thomas Jefferson's first draft of the Declaration of Independence read: 'We hold these truths to be sacred and undeniable . . . ' It was supposedly Benjamin Franklin who suggested instead announcing the truths to be 'self-evident,' as though they were fundamental mathematical axioms providing an incontestable foundation for the new republic. The idea of self-evident truths goes all the way back to Euclid's 'Elements' (ca. 300 B.C.), which depends on a handful of axioms—things that must be granted true at the outset, such as that one can draw a straight line between any two points on a plane. From such assumptions Euclid went on to show, for example, that there are infinitely many prime numbers, and that the angles at the base of an isosceles triangle are equal. If the axioms are true, and the subsequent reasoning is sound, then the conclusion is irrefutable. What we now have is a proof: something we can know for sure. Adam Kucharski, a professor of epidemiology at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, takes the reader on a fascinating tour of the history of what has counted as proof. Today, for example, we have computerized proofs by exhaustion, in which machines chew through examples so numerous that they could never be checked by humans. The author sketches the development of ever-more-rarefied mathematics, from calculus to the mind-bending work on different kinds of infinity by the Russian-German sage Georg Cantor, who proved that natural integers (1,2,3 . . . ) are somehow not more numerous than even numbers (2,4,6 . . .), even though the former set includes all the elements of the latter set, in addition to the one that contains all odd numbers. My favorite example is the Banach-Tarski paradox, which proves that you can disassemble a single sphere and reconstitute it into two spheres of identical size. Climbing the ladder of proof, we can enter a wild realm where intuitions break down completely. But proof, strictly understood, is only half the story here. Abraham Lincoln, Mr. Kucharski relates, taught himself to derive Euclid's proofs to give himself an argumentative edge in the courtroom and in Congress. Yet politics is messier than geometry; and so the dream of perfectly logical policymaking, immune to quibble, remains out of reach. What should we do, then, when a mathematical proof of truth is unavailable, but we must nonetheless act?
