This project could put aviation conspiracy nuts out of business

Chemtrail spotters rattled by the sight of clouds streaking the sky, sit tight: researchers in Europe are working on eliminating contrails, the high-altitude condensation trails on which the conspiracy theory rests.
A European Union-backed project called PACIFIC is focused on understanding climate-neutral aviation with the goal of minimising non-CO2 emissions from planes. Non-CO2 emissions are made up of water vapour, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and soot, which together create the streaks of clouds in the sky.
These streaks have spawned the well-established chemtrail conspiracy, which is the mistaken belief that contrails are actually chemical or biological agents being sprayed on the public for nefarious purposes. And contrails are a problem when it comes to our world getting hotter.
Just 10 per cent of flights create 80 per cent of planet-warming contrails. They most commonly occur on long-haul flights, which are essential to almost all Australian international travel.
Under certain conditions, contrails form when water vapour, non-CO2 emissions and soot emitted from engines freeze to form streaks of ice crystal clouds.
The streaks run for an average length of 150 kilometres, or about 10 minutes of flying. Most – but not all – contrails warm the atmosphere.
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While only 10 to 15 per cent of contrails are persistent, and most of these last only a few hours, 'they can exacerbate climate change by trapping heat radiating from the Earth's surface', says Airbus.
Understanding more about the specific conditions that create warming contrails is part of the mission of the Particle emissions, Air quality and Climate Impact related to Fuel Composition and Engine Cycle (PACIFIC) consortium. It's a gathering of 11 European partners organised to advance climate neutral aviation to cut non-CO2 emissions.

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William and Cate Blanchett hit sustainable fashion lab

The Prince of Wales and Cate Blanchett have donned lab coats as they witnessed the high-tech work of an environmentally friendly clothes dye company. William and the Australian Oscar winner visited labs in Norwich on Thursday where Colorifix, a biotechnology firm, creates its textile dyes. Colorifix, which was a finalist in William's Earthshot Prize in 2023, has developed a biological process that replaces the use of harmful chemicals in textile dyes. Since it was founded in 2016, the brand has partnered with fashion brands including H&M and Pangaia. As William and Blanchett were taken through each step of the process to make the eco-friendly dyes, the Prince of Wales asked Sophie Vaud, the head of microbial engineering, to provide a "layman's version" of the science. After identifying a colour created naturally by an animal or plant, Colorifix's scientists sequence the DNA of that organism to find out where the colour is coded in its genetics. That DNA code is then translated into a safe microbe that is then fermented to grow, creating a dye that can be used on natural and synthetic fabrics. Dyes made chemically have a negative impact on the environment as they seep into rivers, harming wildlife. The process also uses a large amount of water. The Prince of Wales and Blanchett, a council member of the Earthshot Prize, were invited to observe DNA gel under a microscope and were shown diagrams analysing the effectiveness of the pigments. "What if it explodes?" Blanchett joked before looking at the sample. "I'm not going to pretend I know what that drawing means," William told the experts when being shown diagrams. The pair were then taken through the fermentation process, which is where the dye is produced in a small version that can be scaled up. David Clarke, head of fermentation at Colorifix, which is based in Norwich Research Park on the edge of the city, said their fermentation to produce the dyes was "just like brewing". "We use a genetically engineered bacteria to produce the substance - in this case colourants. "Traditional dyeing is very, very polluting. This is completely innocuous." The Prince of Wales is founder and president of the global environmental award and Blanchett helps pick the winners. "It's going really well, and it's really exciting," he said, while Blanchett told them their work was "really inspiring". The Prince of Wales and Cate Blanchett have donned lab coats as they witnessed the high-tech work of an environmentally friendly clothes dye company. William and the Australian Oscar winner visited labs in Norwich on Thursday where Colorifix, a biotechnology firm, creates its textile dyes. Colorifix, which was a finalist in William's Earthshot Prize in 2023, has developed a biological process that replaces the use of harmful chemicals in textile dyes. Since it was founded in 2016, the brand has partnered with fashion brands including H&M and Pangaia. As William and Blanchett were taken through each step of the process to make the eco-friendly dyes, the Prince of Wales asked Sophie Vaud, the head of microbial engineering, to provide a "layman's version" of the science. After identifying a colour created naturally by an animal or plant, Colorifix's scientists sequence the DNA of that organism to find out where the colour is coded in its genetics. That DNA code is then translated into a safe microbe that is then fermented to grow, creating a dye that can be used on natural and synthetic fabrics. Dyes made chemically have a negative impact on the environment as they seep into rivers, harming wildlife. The process also uses a large amount of water. The Prince of Wales and Blanchett, a council member of the Earthshot Prize, were invited to observe DNA gel under a microscope and were shown diagrams analysing the effectiveness of the pigments. "What if it explodes?" Blanchett joked before looking at the sample. "I'm not going to pretend I know what that drawing means," William told the experts when being shown diagrams. The pair were then taken through the fermentation process, which is where the dye is produced in a small version that can be scaled up. David Clarke, head of fermentation at Colorifix, which is based in Norwich Research Park on the edge of the city, said their fermentation to produce the dyes was "just like brewing". "We use a genetically engineered bacteria to produce the substance - in this case colourants. "Traditional dyeing is very, very polluting. This is completely innocuous." The Prince of Wales is founder and president of the global environmental award and Blanchett helps pick the winners. "It's going really well, and it's really exciting," he said, while Blanchett told them their work was "really inspiring". The Prince of Wales and Cate Blanchett have donned lab coats as they witnessed the high-tech work of an environmentally friendly clothes dye company. William and the Australian Oscar winner visited labs in Norwich on Thursday where Colorifix, a biotechnology firm, creates its textile dyes. Colorifix, which was a finalist in William's Earthshot Prize in 2023, has developed a biological process that replaces the use of harmful chemicals in textile dyes. Since it was founded in 2016, the brand has partnered with fashion brands including H&M and Pangaia. As William and Blanchett were taken through each step of the process to make the eco-friendly dyes, the Prince of Wales asked Sophie Vaud, the head of microbial engineering, to provide a "layman's version" of the science. After identifying a colour created naturally by an animal or plant, Colorifix's scientists sequence the DNA of that organism to find out where the colour is coded in its genetics. That DNA code is then translated into a safe microbe that is then fermented to grow, creating a dye that can be used on natural and synthetic fabrics. Dyes made chemically have a negative impact on the environment as they seep into rivers, harming wildlife. The process also uses a large amount of water. The Prince of Wales and Blanchett, a council member of the Earthshot Prize, were invited to observe DNA gel under a microscope and were shown diagrams analysing the effectiveness of the pigments. "What if it explodes?" Blanchett joked before looking at the sample. "I'm not going to pretend I know what that drawing means," William told the experts when being shown diagrams. The pair were then taken through the fermentation process, which is where the dye is produced in a small version that can be scaled up. David Clarke, head of fermentation at Colorifix, which is based in Norwich Research Park on the edge of the city, said their fermentation to produce the dyes was "just like brewing". "We use a genetically engineered bacteria to produce the substance - in this case colourants. "Traditional dyeing is very, very polluting. This is completely innocuous." The Prince of Wales is founder and president of the global environmental award and Blanchett helps pick the winners. "It's going really well, and it's really exciting," he said, while Blanchett told them their work was "really inspiring". The Prince of Wales and Cate Blanchett have donned lab coats as they witnessed the high-tech work of an environmentally friendly clothes dye company. William and the Australian Oscar winner visited labs in Norwich on Thursday where Colorifix, a biotechnology firm, creates its textile dyes. Colorifix, which was a finalist in William's Earthshot Prize in 2023, has developed a biological process that replaces the use of harmful chemicals in textile dyes. Since it was founded in 2016, the brand has partnered with fashion brands including H&M and Pangaia. As William and Blanchett were taken through each step of the process to make the eco-friendly dyes, the Prince of Wales asked Sophie Vaud, the head of microbial engineering, to provide a "layman's version" of the science. After identifying a colour created naturally by an animal or plant, Colorifix's scientists sequence the DNA of that organism to find out where the colour is coded in its genetics. That DNA code is then translated into a safe microbe that is then fermented to grow, creating a dye that can be used on natural and synthetic fabrics. Dyes made chemically have a negative impact on the environment as they seep into rivers, harming wildlife. The process also uses a large amount of water. The Prince of Wales and Blanchett, a council member of the Earthshot Prize, were invited to observe DNA gel under a microscope and were shown diagrams analysing the effectiveness of the pigments. "What if it explodes?" Blanchett joked before looking at the sample. "I'm not going to pretend I know what that drawing means," William told the experts when being shown diagrams. The pair were then taken through the fermentation process, which is where the dye is produced in a small version that can be scaled up. David Clarke, head of fermentation at Colorifix, which is based in Norwich Research Park on the edge of the city, said their fermentation to produce the dyes was "just like brewing". "We use a genetically engineered bacteria to produce the substance - in this case colourants. "Traditional dyeing is very, very polluting. This is completely innocuous." The Prince of Wales is founder and president of the global environmental award and Blanchett helps pick the winners. "It's going really well, and it's really exciting," he said, while Blanchett told them their work was "really inspiring".

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William and Cate Blanchett hit sustainable fashion lab

The Prince of Wales and Cate Blanchett have donned lab coats as they witnessed the high-tech work of an environmentally friendly clothes dye company. William and the Australian Oscar winner visited labs in Norwich on Thursday where Colorifix, a biotechnology firm, creates its textile dyes. Colorifix, which was a finalist in William's Earthshot Prize in 2023, has developed a biological process that replaces the use of harmful chemicals in textile dyes. Since it was founded in 2016, the brand has partnered with fashion brands including H&M and Pangaia. As William and Blanchett were taken through each step of the process to make the eco-friendly dyes, the Prince of Wales asked Sophie Vaud, the head of microbial engineering, to provide a "layman's version" of the science. After identifying a colour created naturally by an animal or plant, Colorifix's scientists sequence the DNA of that organism to find out where the colour is coded in its genetics. That DNA code is then translated into a safe microbe that is then fermented to grow, creating a dye that can be used on natural and synthetic fabrics. Dyes made chemically have a negative impact on the environment as they seep into rivers, harming wildlife. The process also uses a large amount of water. The Prince of Wales and Blanchett, a council member of the Earthshot Prize, were invited to observe DNA gel under a microscope and were shown diagrams analysing the effectiveness of the pigments. "What if it explodes?" Blanchett joked before looking at the sample. "I'm not going to pretend I know what that drawing means," William told the experts when being shown diagrams. The pair were then taken through the fermentation process, which is where the dye is produced in a small version that can be scaled up. David Clarke, head of fermentation at Colorifix, which is based in Norwich Research Park on the edge of the city, said their fermentation to produce the dyes was "just like brewing". "We use a genetically engineered bacteria to produce the substance - in this case colourants. "Traditional dyeing is very, very polluting. This is completely innocuous." The Prince of Wales is founder and president of the global environmental award and Blanchett helps pick the winners. "It's going really well, and it's really exciting," he said, while Blanchett told them their work was "really inspiring".

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