
What losing birthright citizenship will mean long term
This is a rare and modern occurrence. German citizenship was, until recently, only passed down
As the US Supreme Court debates birthright citizenship, Germany's experience should serve as a cautionary tale, highlighting the potential fallout of the restrictive citizenship policies favored by the Trump administration. Some effects would only be felt years down the line.
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Ending birthright citizenship is a priority for President Trump, who issued an executive order banning the policy his first day in office. The
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In Germany, the results of restrictive citizenship policies have compounded over decades, starting in the 1960s, when a labor agreement with Turkey brought thousands of migrant workers. The children of these workers were effectively barred from citizenship – even those born and raised in the country.
This restriction has pushed people of Turkish descent to the legal and social margins of both German and Turkish societies, even though they constitute Germany's largest ethnic minority – 3 million people representing 3.5 percent of the overall population, only half of whom have citizenship.
It has also led to another detrimental phenomenon: '
In response to social and institutional exclusion and discrimination, most migrants have developed a deeper ethnic consciousness and opted to cling to their ethnic identity. A
In the United States, the opposite is true: Pew Research finds that roughly 60 percent of second-generation immigrants
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Germany has begun a slow process of overhauling its citizenship requirements, but it's unclear whether the recent reforms in citizenship law will be able to undo the repercussions of decades of restrictive policies.
In
It was only last year that Germany finally allowed people to hold multiple citizenships, eliminating the obligation to choose. The change is expected to prompt some
However, even having German citizenship does not protect descendants of immigrants from being permanently marked as 'outsiders.' They are officially labeled by German authorities as 'people with migration background,' a controversial category used to denote not only people who have immigrated to Germany themselves but also their German-born children. In 2023, almost 30 percent of Germany's overall population of 83.9 million
This is in contrast to the United States, where children of immigrants can decide how they identify in the census and are not forced to choose between identities. Thanks to birthright citizenship, they have no reason to consider themselves as anything other than American. In Germany, these children are 'outsiders,' both in their parents' country of origin and in the country of their birth.
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Germany sets a cautionary example for the United States. If the Trump administration is intent on ending birthright citizenship, it would be advisable to keep the German example in mind. As put aptly by migration scholar

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