IBM sets the course to build world's first large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computer at new IBM Quantum Data Center
Breakthrough research defines key elements for an efficient fault-tolerant architecture - charting the first viable path toward a system projected to run 20,000 times more operations than today's quantum computers
Representing the computational state of IBM Starling would require the memory of more than a quindecillion (10^48) of the world's most powerful supercomputers
Dubai, United Arab Emirates – IBM unveiled its path to build the world's first large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computer, setting the stage for practical and scalable quantum computing.
Delivered by 2029, IBM Quantum Starling will be built in a new IBM Quantum Data Center in Poughkeepsie, New York and is expected to perform 20,000 times more operations than today's quantum computers. To represent the computational state of an IBM Starling would require the memory of more than a quindecillion (10^48) of the world's most powerful supercomputers. With Starling, users will be able to fully explore the complexity of its quantum states, which are beyond the limited properties able to be accessed by current quantum computers.
IBM, which already operates a large, global fleet of quantum computers, is releasing a new Quantum Roadmap that outlines its plans to build out a practical, fault-tolerant quantum computer.
'IBM is charting the next frontier in quantum computing,' said Arvind Krishna, Chairman and CEO, IBM. 'Our expertise across mathematics, physics, and engineering is paving the way for a large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computer — one that will solve real-world challenges and unlock immense possibilities for business.'
A large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computer with hundreds or thousands of logical qubits could run hundreds of millions to billions of operations, which could accelerate time and cost efficiencies in fields such as drug development, materials discovery, chemistry, and optimization.
Starling will be able to access the computational power required for these problems by running 100 million quantum operations using 200 logical qubits. It will be the foundation for IBM Quantum Blue Jay, which will be capable of executing 1 billion quantum operations over 2,000 logical qubits.
A logical qubit is a unit of an error-corrected quantum computer tasked with storing one qubit's worth of quantum information. It is made from multiple physical qubits working together to store this information and monitor each other for errors.
Like classical computers, quantum computers need to be error corrected to run large workloads without faults. To do so, clusters of physical qubits are used to create a smaller number of logical qubits with lower error rates than the underlying physical qubits. Logical qubit error rates are suppressed exponentially with the size of the cluster, enabling them to run greater numbers of operations.
Creating increasing numbers of logical qubits capable of executing quantum circuits, with as few physical qubits as possible, is critical to quantum computing at scale. Until today, a clear path to building such a fault-tolerant system without unrealistic engineering overhead has not been published.
The Path to Large-Scale Fault Tolerance
The success of executing an efficient fault-tolerant architecture is dependent on the choice of its error-correcting code, and how the system is designed and built to enable this code to scale.
Alternative and previous gold-standard, error-correcting codes present fundamental engineering challenges. To scale, they would require an unfeasible number of physical qubits to create enough logical qubits to perform complex operations – necessitating impractical amounts of infrastructure and control electronics. This renders them unlikely to be able to be implemented beyond small-scale experiments and devices.
A practical, large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computer requires an architecture that is:
Fault-tolerant to suppress enough errors for useful algorithms to succeed.
Able to prepare and measure logical qubits through computation.
Capable of applying universal instructions to these logical qubits.
Able to decode measurements from logical qubits in real-time and can alter subsequent instructions.
Modular to scale to hundreds or thousands of logical qubits to run more complex algorithms.
Efficient enough to execute meaningful algorithms with realistic physical resources, such as energy and infrastructure.
Today, IBM is introducing two new technical papers that detail how it will solve the above criteria to build a large-scale, fault-tolerant architecture.
The first paper unveils how such a system will process instructions and run operations effectively with qLDPC codes. This work builds on a groundbreaking approach to error correction featured on the cover of Nature that introduced quantum low-density parity check (qLDPC) codes. This code drastically reduces the number of physical qubits needed for error correction and cuts required overhead by approximately 90 percent, compared to other leading codes. Additionally, it lays out the resources required to reliably run large-scale quantum programs to prove the efficiency of such an architecture over others.
The second paper describes how to efficiently decode the information from the physical qubits and charts a path to identify and correct errors in real-time with conventional computing resources.
From Roadmap to Reality
The new IBM Quantum Roadmap outlines the key technology milestones that will demonstrate and execute the criteria for fault tolerance. Each new processor in the roadmap addresses specific challenges to build quantum systems that are modular, scalable, and error-corrected:
IBM Quantum Loon, expected in 2025, is designed to test architecture components for the qLDPC code, including 'C-couplers' that connect qubits over longer distances within the same chip.
IBM Quantum Kookaburra, expected in 2026, will be IBM's first modular processor designed to store and process encoded information. It will combine quantum memory with logic operations — the basic building block for scaling fault-tolerant systems beyond a single chip.
IBM Quantum Cockatoo, expected in 2027, will entangle two Kookaburra modules using 'L-couplers.' This architecture will link quantum chips together like nodes in a larger system, avoiding the need to build impractically large chips.
Together, these advancements are being designed to culminate in Starling in 2029.
To learn more about IBM's path to scaling fault tolerance, read our blog here, and watch our IBM Quantum scientists in this latest video.
Media Contacts
Erin Angelini, IBM Communications
Edlehr@us.ibm.com
Brittany Forgione, IBM Communications
Brittany.forgione@ibm.com
Hashtags
Try Our AI Features
Explore what Daily8 AI can do for you:
Comments
No comments yet...
Related Articles
Khaleej Times
3 hours ago
- Khaleej Times
From GIFT to Singapore: How global hubs are shaping the new playbook
- Associate Partner, MICS Everyone has heard of the UAE's headline single digit nine per cent corporate tax rate. But what most people don't realise is that some of the world's biggest companies despite being based in high-tax jurisdictions, have consistently paid effective tax rates in the single digits, typically ranging from six to nine per cent. How is that even possible? One simple answer: Smart, strategic tax optimisation. So how did these companies structure themselves to achieve such outcomes? Is it still feasible in today's complex and constantly evolving global tax environment? And if so, how complicated is the playbook? Let's unfold the global tax game – and how building the right structure can be your winning move. Where it all begins: Structuring with purpose When companies set up operations, their primary considerations often revolve around ease of doing business, customer proximity, and market access. Surprisingly, tax is rarely the top factor at least initially. But not all functions in a company are tied to these operational dependencies. Some, like headquarters, treasury centres, intellectual property (IP) ownership, holding companies, and SPVs, can be located with greater flexibility. And when done right, these choices can be game-changers for both operational efficiency and tax savings. The big Fours: Holding companies, HQ, treasury, and IP Here's where strategy enters the game: • Holding company: Often used to centralise ownership of subsidiaries and assets, and to efficiently manage dividends, capital gains, and group-level financing. • Headquarters: Can be placed in jurisdictions that offer not only strategic access but also favourable tax regimes. • Treasury functions: Since these involve managing global cash flows and financing, tax and regulatory predictability matter more than physical proximity. • Intellectual Property (IP): IP holding companies are frequently located in countries that offer tax incentives on royalties and capital gains. Locating these functions in jurisdictions with stability, feasibility, predictability, and favorable tax treatment can significantly enhance the bottom line. Equally important are withholding tax (WHT) implications and the availability of double taxation avoidance agreements (DTAAs), which directly impact the tax efficiency of cross-border payments such as dividends, interest, and royalties. Jurisdictions with strong treaty networks often provide reduced or zero WHT rates, making them particularly attractive for housing holding companies, treasury hubs, and IP ownership. There are famous examples – Apple and Google, among others – who have reaped enormous tax benefits simply by strategically housing their IP in favourable jurisdictions. Top jurisdictions for strategic tax functions Each jurisdiction has carved its niche: • Singapore: A globally trusted IP hub offering attractive tax incentives for IP development and commercialisation. • GIFT City (India): Rapidly emerging as a preferred jurisdiction for treasury operations and regional headquarters due to its regulatory clarity and tax exemptions. • Ireland and Luxembourg: Historically favoured for IP and financing structures, though tightening global tax norms have nudged companies to reassess. • UAE: Supported by an extensive network of DTAAs and evolving tax infrastructure, it is gaining ground as a versatile base for several strategic functions. UAE: A strategic player in the evolving tax landscape With the introduction of its corporate tax regime in 2023, the UAE repositioned itself as a credible and competitive jurisdiction in the global tax planning ecosystem. Operating from a qualifying free zone can allow key functions – including HQ, treasury, holding companies, SPVs, and IP – to potentially benefit from a zero per cent corporate tax, subject to meeting substance and activity-based requirements. In addition, access to a growing network of DTAAs allows for potentially favorable withholding tax treatment, enhancing the efficiency of global structures. Rather than aiming to be a low-tax outlier, the UAE is adapting to global standards while still offering targeted advantages that businesses can leverage based on their specific needs. A final reflection In the modern tax environment, where compliance and optimisation must go hand in hand, no single jurisdiction offers a one-size-fits-all solution. Singapore continues to lead as a preferred jurisdiction at least of Asia, for IP and regional HQs due to its R&D incentives and robust legal framework. GIFT City is rapidly gaining ground with focused benefits for treasury operations and financial entities. Ireland and Luxembourg, while reassessing their frameworks post-BEPS, still retain relevance for certain financing and licensing models. The UAE, with its blend of flexibility, treaty access, and evolving infrastructure, is now a serious consideration for global tax planning. Ultimately, the winning move lies in aligning your operational footprint with a tax strategy tailored to your business's functions, risk profile, and growth vision.
Khaleej Times
3 hours ago
- Khaleej Times
UAE infrastructure stocks likely to boom as country embarks on ambitious projects
While the summer season is usually a quieter period for financial markets due to widespread investor holidays, global sentiment remains overshadowed by persistent geopolitical tensions this summer. Escalating concerns over US tariff measures and the intensifying Israel–Iran conflict, with US entering the war on Sunday, have cast a pall over risk appetite, driving cautious investor positioning and heightened market volatility. Yet, against this backdrop of global unease, the UAE is pressing ahead with an ambitious slate of infrastructure projects, using the relative calm of the summer months to accelerate key developments. With lighter traffic during the holiday stretch, authorities are fast-tracking enhancements to the country's transport network, signaling an open window for investors seeking early exposure to the next wave of growth. Major infrastructure initiatives are underway to strengthen both east–west and north–south connectivity across the emirates through new roads and metro extensions. In Dubai, upgrades to Hessa Street and the expansion of the Metro network with the Blue Line are pivotal undertakings aimed at easing congestion and linking emerging residential and commercial hubs. Meanwhile, the landmark Etihad Rail project is progressing steadily, ultimately set to integrate all seven emirates with a modern rail link, opening new avenues for investment in real estate and infrastructure equity. Adding to the skyline's evolution, Dubai Creek Harbour is constructing what is projected to become the tallest tower in the world, surpassing the iconic Burj Khalifa. In tandem, Dubai South continues to evolve as the city's future primary aviation center with the forthcoming Al Maktoum International Airport, cementing the UAE's role as a regional transport and logistics powerhouse. 'These transformative projects are expected to cut travel times by more than 75 per cent' says Razan Hilal, Market Analyst, CMT at adding 'they will boost connectivity across burgeoning districts, laying the groundwork for robust property market performance, economic diversification, and sustainable urban planning for decades to come.' 'While short-term volatility persists due to external shocks, the UAE's commitment to long-term national development plans - Vision 2025, 2030, and 2040 - suggests that current market dips may present strategic entry points for long-term investors', observes Hilal. She adds: 'Amid this climate, portfolio diversification remains prudent. Commodities like oil continue to serve as a hedge against supply disruptions in the region, while gold and silver retain their appeal as safe-haven assets, particularly relevant as industrial demand for silver expands in the technology sector. Several publicly listed companies like Dewa, Union Properties, Tabreed and Salik stand to benefit directly from this wave of development, each playing a strategic role in energy, cooling, real estate, and road toll management respectively. However, despite this local momentum, the MSCI UAE Index has shed over 7 per cent this month, reflecting broader concerns over dollar weakness and geopolitical turmoil. Leading developers such as Emaar Properties have seen share price corrections of around 5 per cent, underscoring the cautious tone prevailing among regional investors. Overall, while global headwinds pose challenges, the UAE's clear focus on future-ready infrastructure and urban resilience reinforces its appeal as a steady beacon of opportunity for investors looking beyond short-term volatility.
Arabian Business
4 hours ago
- Arabian Business
RTA announces major Burj Khalifa-Dubai Mall metro station expansion
Dubai's Roads and Transport Authority (RTA) has announced plans to expand the Burj Khalifa-Dubai Mall Metro Station in partnership with Emaar Properties. The move is part of the authority's efforts to meet rising passenger demand during peak periods including New Year's Eve, public holidays, and national events. #RTA, in collaboration with Emaar Properties, announced the expansion of Burj Khalifa-Dubai Mall Metro Station to boost capacity by 65%. In addition to the planned expansion of the station's area from 6,700 to 8,500 square metres, the project included provisions for enhancing… — RTA (@rta_dubai) June 22, 2025 Dubai Mall/Burj Khalifa metro station expansion to handle 220,000 daily passengers The expansion will increase the station's area from 6,700 to 8,500 square metres, boosting hourly capacity from 7,250 to 12,320 passengers – a 65 per cent increase, the Dubai Media Office (DMO) said in a statement. Upon completion, the station will accommodate up to 220,000 passengers per day. 'The Burj Khalifa/Dubai Mall Metro Station is a key hub in the Dubai Metro network, thanks to its strategic location near Burj Khalifa, Dubai Mall, and )Dubai Downtown(. It serves as a convenient and efficient gateway for residents and visitors, particularly during large-scale events and holidays, particularly New Year's Eve, Eids, national events and public holidays,' Mattar Al Tayer, Director General, Chairman of the Board of Executive Directors of Dubai's Roads and Transport Authority said. 'This expansion project responds to sustained and rising demand for metro services, with projections extending to 2040. Passenger numbers during New Year's Eve exceed 110,000, and the station has recorded an average annual ridership growth of 7.5% over the past five years,' he added. The station has experienced consistent growth since opening in early 2010. Al Tayer revealed passenger numbers rose from 6.13 million in 2013 to 7.254 million in 2016, reaching 7.885 million in 2019 with an average of 43,000 daily boardings and alightings. 'In 2022, the figure climbed to 8.827 million, surpassed 10.202 million in 2023 (56,000 daily average), and exceeded 10.577 million in 2024, with nearly 58,000 daily boarding and alighting,' he revealed. The expansion project includes enhanced entrances and pedestrian bridges to facilitate access, expanded concourse and platform areas, and additional escalators and elevators. Entry and exit gates will be separated to optimise passenger movement, whilst the number of fare gates will increase alongside expanded commercial spaces to boost revenue. The project will integrate with public transport and other mobility modes, and include landscaping enhancements. The architectural design follows the same concept applied to elevated stations on the Red and Green Lines of Dubai Metro. Inspired by the shape of a seashell, the station maintains an interior design philosophy that prioritises safety, security, and ease of movement. The design emphasises clarity and simplicity whilst reducing walking distances where possible. The internal layout preserves visual connectivity, and ground-level entrances are integrated with public transport and alternative mobility options such as bicycles and e-scooters. The station offers direct pedestrian access and integration with the surrounding urban environment. It is designed to be inclusive, considering the needs of People of Determination, senior citizens, residents, and parents with strollers.
