AI侵權大戰開打：迪士尼聯合環球提告Midjourney、Getty控告Stability AI侵權
好萊塢巨擘迪士尼與環球影業聯手控告AI圖像生成平台Midjourney侵權，稱其濫用版權圖像生成著名角色圖像。 此外，知名圖庫蓋帝（Getty）圖像控告Stability AI侵權訴訟本週於倫敦開庭，美國聯邦法官亦批准《紐約時報》和其他新聞媒體可以繼續對OpenAI和微軟提起版權訴訟。 以上幾起媒體公司和科技公司的訴訟，可能影響未來影視媒體產業與AI生成平台的合作關係，甚至影響相關法律立法。
好萊塢影視巨頭與人工智慧生成平台的版權大戰正式開打，迪士尼（Disney）和康卡斯特（Comcast）旗下的環球影業（Universal）於美國時間週三（11日）聯合對知名人工智慧生成圖像平台Midjourney提起版權侵權訴訟。
這是好萊塢大型製片公司，首次對生成式AI技術製造商採取法律行動，訴訟文件中直指Midjourney是「抄襲的無底洞」。
與此同時，蓋帝圖像（Getty Images）與Stability AI的版權訴訟案也於6月9日在倫敦高等法院開庭審理，成為生成式AI產業的首場重大版權審判。
NBC環球集團執行副總裁兼總法律顧問Kim Harris表示，公司提起訴訟是為了「保護所有藝術家的辛勤勞動成果，他們的作品為我們帶來了娛樂和啟發，也保護了我們在內容上投入的大量資金」。 影視製作公司首次對AI生成圖像平台提告
《美聯社》報導，迪士尼和環球影業6月11日在洛杉磯聯邦法院提起的聯合版權訴訟中，指控總部位於加州舊金山的AI生成圖像平台Midjourney，盜取兩家好萊塢製片廠的圖庫，生成並分發其著名角色的「無數未經授權的副本」。
其中包括《星際大戰》系列的「黑武士」達斯維達（Darth Vader）、《冰雪奇緣》的艾莎（Elsa），以及《神偷奶爸》的小小兵等角色。
訴狀中寫道：
Midjourney是典型的版權搭便車者和抄襲的無底洞。盜版就是盜版，無論侵權圖像或影片是用AI還是其他技術製作的，都不會因此減少其侵權性質。
迪士尼執行副總裁兼首席法務官古鐵雷斯（Horacio Gutierrez）在聲明中表示：「我們對AI技術的前景持樂觀態度，並對其如何作為促進人類創造力的工具負責任地使用充滿信心，但盜版就是盜版，儘管這是一間人工智慧公司所做的，並不代表著它就不是侵權。」
Midjourney是一家成立於2021年的AI圖像生成公司，由大衛‧霍爾茲（David Holz）創立，總部位於舊金山。
《路透社》指出，霍爾茲在2022年接受《富比士》採訪時表示，他只是透過「大規模網路搜刮」（a big scrape of the Internet）建立了公司的資料庫。
他在訪問中也提到，「目前還沒有辦法取得一億張圖片並知道它們的來源。如果圖片中嵌入了關於版權所有者之類的元資料就好了。但這根本不可能實現……目前還沒有註冊系統。」
Midjourney允許數百萬註冊用戶透過文字提示生成圖像，其服務在2022年7月發布後引發了AI藝術品即時創作的熱潮，並透過付費訂閱服務營利，在去年產生3億美元的營收。 蓋帝圖像和Stability AI，首例AI版權侵佔訴訟
另一方面，知名圖像供應媒體蓋帝圖像圖像與Stability AI的版權訴訟案於週一（9日）在倫敦高等法院開庭審理，這是生成式A面臨的首場重大版權審判。
綜合《路透社》和《衛報》報導，總部位於西雅圖的蓋帝圖像指控Stability AI使用其圖像來「訓練」其Stable Diffusion系統，該系統可以從文字輸入生成圖像。
蓋帝圖像指控Stable Diffusion的開發涉及對其圖庫的「大規模厚顏無恥的侵權」，表示Stability AI未經允許，非法抓取蓋帝圖片庫來訓練Stable Diffusion系統，並指出其生成圖像中，甚至出現蓋帝（Getty）的浮水印，嚴重侵犯智慧財產權。
蓋帝圖像對Stability AI的訴訟案也被視為生成式AI產業的首場重大版權審判。《美聯社》報導，審判可能持續三週，法官將在審判後作出書面判決。
蓋帝圖像執行長彼得斯（Craig Peters）2023年曾向美聯社表示，「Stability所做的是不當的。」他指出，智慧財產權的創作者在其作品被導入AI系統之前應該被徵求許可，而不是必須參與「選擇退出制度（opt-out regime）」。
蓋帝圖像的法務團隊在法庭上表示，這個案件不是創意產業和科技產業之間的對戰，兩者仍可以「協同合作」，因為授權創意作品對AI的成功至關重要。
蓋帝圖像的審判律師蓮恩（Lindsay Lane）表示，「問題在於，Stability AI等人工智慧公司想要不付費的使用這些作品。」
Stability AI是一家總部位於倫敦的AI公司，擁有廣泛使用的AI圖像製作工具Stable Diffusion，公司董事包括創作電影《阿凡達》和《泰坦尼克號》的著名電影導演詹姆斯·卡麥隆（James Cameron）。該公司已籌集數億美元的資金，並在2025年3月宣佈獲得全球最大廣告公司WPP的投資。 過往AI剽竊版權爭議
《美聯社》指出，AI公司長期以來一直辯稱，美國和英國的「合理使用」（fair use）或「公平交易」（fair dealing）法律原則允許它們利用大量文字或圖像訓練其AI系統，然而，這一論點面臨越來越多的挑戰。
2024年加州聯邦法官裁定，10名藝術家對Midjourney、Stability AI和其他公司提起的版權侵權訴訟中，這些AI公司複製和儲存他們的作品在公司伺服器上，並可能因未經許可使用而承擔責任的論點是合理的。
美國《時代》雜誌則在在Midjourney面臨的集體訴訟中，包括藝術家麥克南（Kelly McKernan）在內的原告發現，用戶將該藝術家的姓名作為關鍵字輸入Midjourney，產生了極其相似的藝術作品。
麥克南在2023年告訴《時代》雜誌：「這些公司正在從我們的無償勞動中瘋狂獲利。」 有望引領AI生成平台和媒體公司簽署授權協議
儘管存在法律爭議，一些媒體公司和AI公司已經開始探索合作模式。許多大型科技公司越來越希望達成授權協議，為其AI系統所需的內容付費。
《時代》雜誌分析，如果迪士尼和環球影業所聯合提起的訴訟案獲勝，許多AI公司可能必須使用授權內容從頭重新訓練其視覺模型。AI影片新創公司Moonvalley執行長塔魯克達（Naeem Talukdar）表示，如果判決結果明確，好萊塢實際上可能會加速使用基於授權內容所建構的AI模型趨勢。
AI公司也正在透過政府政策尋求另一條道路，以保持其按照自己意願訓練模型的能力。今年1月，OpenAI向白宮發送備忘錄，表示應該「保留」（preserved）其使用版權材料上進行訓練的權限。
在英國，政府宣佈計劃讓AI公司能夠使用任何版權作品，除非權利持有者「明確選擇退出」，這引發了包括披頭四成員保羅‧麥卡尼（Paul McCartney）和流行歌手杜娃黎波（Dua Lipa）等明星的強烈反對。英國上議院亦於6月2日第四次否決了該項立法。
此外，美國也有類似的版權爭議正在進行中。《美聯社》報導，聯邦法官批准《紐約時報》和其他新聞媒體可以繼續對OpenAI和微軟（Microsoft）提起版權訴訟，要求終止使用他們的新聞報導來訓練人工智慧聊天機器人的做法。
《紐約時報》指控OpenAI及其商業夥伴微軟透過有效竊取其記者價值數十億美元的作品，威脅了其生計，在某些情況下甚至向生成式AI用戶逐字輸出《紐約時報》的材料。 新聞來源 延伸閱讀
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